Question 1

Approximately how long has substantial gender inequality existed?

Accepted Answer

Substantial gender inequality has been documented for at least 6000 years, coinciding with the rise of agriculture and more hierarchical societies. Prior to this, hunter-gatherer societies tended to be more egalitarian.

Question 2

Which of the following does the textbook propose in order to eliminate gender gap in earnings?

Accepted Answer

The textbook proposes high quality, affordable child care as a solution to eliminating the gender gap in earnings. This is because women are often burdened with the primary responsibility of childcare, which can limit their ability to work and earn higher wages. Access to affordable and high-quality child care would enable women to balance work and family responsibilities and therefore increase their earning potential. While union membership and political participation may also play a role in addressing the gender gap in earnings, the textbook specifically suggests child care as a solution. Education is also important, but it alone may not be enough to eliminate the gender gap in earnings.

Question 3

Which of the following data about student scores on a math test could you use to criticize the essentialist tendency to generalize from the average?

Accepted Answer

This choice provides information about the range of scores, demonstrating that there is a wide variety and the average does not necessarily represent all students' performance. This challenges the essentialist tendency to make generalizations based on averages.

Question 4

Bettina works at a coffee shop along with several other young men and women.She knows the men make $2.00 per hour more than any of the women and that the manager allows the men to take longer breaks.The men never have to do any of the closing-shift janitorial duties.What sociological term refers to what Bettina and the other women at the coffee shop experience?

Accepted Answer

Gender discrimination refers to the unfair treatment of individuals based on gender. In this scenario, the male employees are being paid more, given longer breaks, and exempt from certain duties, which is discriminatory towards the female employees. Employment inequity refers to any unfairness or inequality in the workplace, which could include gender discrimination. The gender gap refers to the differences in employment, pay, and other opportunities between genders, but it does not necessarily imply discrimination. The glass ceiling refers to the invisible barrier that prevents individuals from advancing to higher positions in their careers, which may also be affected by gender discrimination.

Question 5

Jack is playing with his friends in the backyard.His slightly younger friend Tyler brings over one of his sister's dolls.Jack tells him they can't play with the doll because they are boys.What is this incident teaching Tyler?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jack is playing with his friends in...

Question 6

Anna and Mitch have a daughter.They encourage her to play cooperatively with other children in role-playing games, but they do not allow any kind of competitive, noisy, or rowdy play.Which of the following is a likely consequence of their parenting style?

Accepted Answer

By encouraging their daughter to play cooperatively and not allowing competitive or rowdy play, Anna and Mitch are promoting the development of their daughter's social and emotional skills. Cooperative play involves communication, negotiation, and empathy, all of which promote heightened verbal and emotional skills. This parenting style is not likely to result in heightened aggression or physical abilities, and while it may not directly promote cognitive skills, it does provide a supportive environment for their daughter's overall development.

Question 7

Which of the following refers to people who believe they were born into the wrong body and wish to change that?

Accepted Answer

Transsexuals are people who believe they were born into the wrong body and wish to change that through medical intervention, such as hormone therapy and gender reassignment surgery. Transgendered people is a broader term that can include transsexuals, as well as other individuals who don't adhere to traditional gender norms. Transvestites are individuals who enjoy dressing in clothing typically associated with the opposite sex. Transculturals is not a recognized term in relation to gender identity.

Question 8

Ross has always believed that she was really a female locked inside a male's body.She has finally saved up the money for sex reassignment surgery and estrogen shots, and is looking forward to living as Rose.Which of the following terms is used to refer to Ross/Rose and others like her?

Accepted Answer

Transvestites refer to individuals who enjoy wearing clothing traditionally associated with the opposite sex, but they do not necessarily desire to permanently change their gender. Transculturals refer to individuals who identify with and embrace multiple cultures. Transgender is a broad term that can encompass various gender identities, including but not limited to transsexuals. Transsexuals specifically refer to individuals who identify as a gender different from the sex they were assigned at birth and seek medical interventions, such as surgery and hormone therapy, to physically transition to their identified gender.

Question 9

Which of the following does the TV series Toddlers & Tiaras illustrate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following does the TV...

Question 10

In a class discussion, Inger states that equality before the law, employment equity, and similar policies benefit mostly middle-class women.Which stream of feminism does Inger likely support?

Accepted Answer

Socialist feminism focuses on both the public and private spheres of a woman's life, arguing that liberation can only be achieved by working to end both the economic and cultural sources of women's oppression. Inger's statement reflects a critique often associated with socialist feminism, which emphasizes how class and economic structures impact women's lives and suggests that policies like employment equity may not equally benefit all women, particularly those from lower socio-economic backgrounds.

Question 11

Which of the following is a criticism of essentialism?

Accepted Answer

One of the main criticisms of essentialism is that it views gender as a fixed, innate characteristic rather than recognizing the historical and cultural variability of gender roles, identities, and expression. Gender is not the same across time and different societies.

Question 12

Danielle has a three-year-old daughter and refuses to buy her a Barbie doll.She has also forbidden any of her friends and relatives from doing this.Danielle's childrearing practices can likely be attributed to a belief in which of the following theories?

Accepted Answer

Danielle's refusal to buy her daughter a Barbie doll and her forbidding of others from doing so is likely based on her belief in social constructionism, which is the theory that social and cultural factors, rather than biological or innate factors, are the primary determinants of behavior and attitudes. In this case, Danielle may view Barbie dolls as perpetuating harmful gender stereotypes and want to socialize her daughter differently. The other theories listed (evolutionary psychology, sociobiology, and essentialism) are more concerned with biological or innate explanations for behavior.

Question 13

Which of the following refers to a type of sexual harassment involving sexual threats or bribery as a condition of employment decisions?

Accepted Answer

Quid pro quo sexual harassment is a type of sexual harassment where an individual's employment decisions or opportunities are contingent upon their acceptance of unwanted sexual advances or behavior from a person in a position of authority or power over them. This can include sexual threats, demands for sexual favors, or bribery.

Question 14

What do one-quarter of North American women and one-sixth of North American men say they would willingly trade in exchange for achieving their body weight goals?

Accepted Answer

According to a survey conducted by a weight loss supplement company, one-quarter of North American women and one-sixth of North American men said they would willingly trade several years off their lives in exchange for achieving their body weight goals. None of the other options were mentioned in the survey.

Question 15

What decision did preschool boys make when presented with the choice of playing with a dish set or with a tool set?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What decision did preschool boys make when...

Question 16

Before what age is a gender reassignment more likely to be successful?

Accepted Answer

While there is no set age limit for successful gender reassignment, research suggests that the earlier the child begins transitioning (around 18 months to 2 years), the easier the process may be. This is because socialization patterns have not yet set in and children are still in the early stages of developing their gender identity. However, it is important to note that every individual and situation is unique, and success can vary regardless of the age at which a gender reassignment is performed.

Question 17

Gerald has always been romantically attracted to boys and men, and he had his first sexual encounter with a man while at band camp.What is Gerald's sexual orientation?

Accepted Answer

Gerald's experience indicates that he is attracted to and interested in men, making him gay.

Question 18

Kazia has worked as a junior manager for 15 years.She has watched several men younger than her get promoted over the years, despite her superior performance evaluations.What is Kazia likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Kazia is likely experiencing the glass ceiling, which refers to the invisible barriers that limit the upward mobility of women and minorities in the workplace, despite their qualifications and achievements. Despite her superior performance evaluations, she has not been promoted, while younger men have. This suggests that there may be systemic barriers, such as biases or stereotypes, that are preventing her from advancing in her career.

Question 19

Shelley is a senior manager in government.Her team of employees appreciates her as a boss because, even when she does a great deal of the work, she shares the credit with her team.She and her team are therefore shocked when Shelley is bypassed for a promotion and the much-less-competent male manager gets it.According to Deborah Tannen's research, the fault lies with Shelley saying "we did it" instead of "I did it." What effect does Shelley's behaviour usually have?

Accepted Answer

Shelley's behavior of sharing credit with her team, despite her significant contributions, tends to camouflage her accomplishments, making it harder for others to recognize her individual efforts and achievements.

Question 20

Most young Canadians have been brought up in a culture influenced by which of the following streams of feminism?

Accepted Answer

Most young Canadians have been brought up in a culture influenced by liberal feminism, which emphasizes equal opportunities and rights for women within existing societal structures. This stream of feminism has been dominant in North America since the 1960s and has influenced many aspects of Canadian culture and politics.

Quiz 11: Sexualities and Gender Stratification