Question 1

Problem?focused coping is used to try to cope when the problem is seen as unchangeable and the stressors cannot be reduced.

Accepted Answer

Problem-focused coping is used to directly tackle the problem causing stress in an effort to reduce or eliminate it, typically applied when the individual believes the situation can be changed or managed.

Question 2

Maslach and Jackson (1982) in a study of burnout discovered that nurses showed the greatest degree of depersonalization and physicians reported the greatest dissatisfaction with their sense of accomplishment.

Accepted Answer

Maslach and Jackson (1982) did study burnout, but their research did not specifically conclude that nurses showed the greatest degree of depersonalization and physicians the greatest dissatisfaction with their sense of accomplishment. Their work was more broadly focused on the development of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the conceptualization of burnout across various professions, not making such specific comparative conclusions between nurses and physicians.

Question 3

The use of depersonalization by medical staff may be a method of self-protection from the stress of caring for another human with serious health problems.

Accepted Answer

Depersonalization is a defense mechanism used by some medical staff to detach emotionally from patients in order to protect themselves from the stress and emotional exhaustion that comes with caring for them. It involves seeing the patient as a case or a set of symptoms rather than as a whole person with feelings and emotions. However, this can also lead to a lack of empathy and poor quality of care for the patient.

Question 4

Match the following terms with their description in items
-The Chief of Staff.

Accepted Answer

The Chief of Staff is typically a medical doctor who is responsible for overseeing the medical staff and clinical operations at a hospital. This role falls under hospital administration, and typically does not involve direct patient care or supervision of resident physicians, attending physicians, or nurses.

Question 5

Match the following terms with their description in items
-Medical school graduates employed in teaching hospitals.

Accepted Answer

Residents are medical school graduates who are employed in teaching hospitals to continue their medical training.

Answer: C
 Staff or attending physicians are fully licensed physicians who work in teaching hospitals and oversee the care of patients.

Answer: E
 Nurses are healthcare professionals who provide direct patient care and work in various settings, including hospitals.

Answers A and B are not applicable to medical school graduates employed in teaching hospitals. Hospital administrators oversee the operations of hospitals, and medical directors provide leadership and guidance in a healthcare organization.

Question 6

Match the following terms with their description in items
-Non?medical employees of the hospital without patient care responsibilities.

Accepted Answer

Hospital administrators are non-medical employees who oversee the operations of the hospital, but they do not have patient care responsibilities.

Answer: B 
 Medical directors are usually physicians who are responsible for overseeing medical services in a hospital or healthcare organization.

Answer: C 
 Staff or attending physicians are medical doctors who work in a hospital and have patient care responsibilities.

Answer: D 
 Residents are doctors who are training in a specialty and work in a hospital under the supervision of attending physicians.

Answer: E 
 Nurses are healthcare professionals who are responsible for providing direct patient care in a hospital setting.

Question 7

Despite modern techniques, it is estimated that roughly 5-10% of patients contract an infection while hospitalized.

Accepted Answer

Despite advancements in infection prevention and control, hospital-acquired infections still occur in approximately 5-10% of patients. This can be due to a variety of factors, including antibiotic resistance, poor hand hygiene, and inadequate cleaning and sterilization of equipment.

Question 8

By the end of the nineteenth century, hospitals had evolved to the point that only the wealthy could afford to use them.

Accepted Answer

By the end of the nineteenth century, hospitals had become more accessible to the general public, and the government began to establish public hospitals to provide medical care to all people regardless of their wealth or social status.

Question 9

The breathing techniques taught as part of the Lamaze preparation for childbirth is an example of behavioural control.

Accepted Answer

Lamaze breathing techniques involve using controlled breathing to help manage pain and discomfort during labor and delivery. This is an example of using behavioral techniques to control physiological responses during a stressful event.

Question 10

Match the following instruments or preparation strategies with their description in items
-Contains scales which measure hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria.

Accepted Answer

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a psychological test that contains scales to measure hypochondriasis, depression, and hysteria.

Answer: C
 The Millon Behavioural Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD) is an instrument used to assess the psychological and behavioral factors that contribute to the onset, progression, and management of illnesses.

Answer: D
Explnation: The Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS) is an instrument used to assess how well individuals with chronic illness adjust to and manage their illness.

Answer: E
 Video preparation involves using videos to educate and prepare individuals for medical procedures or surgery. It can help reduce anxiety and improve outcomes.

Note: Lamaze is a childbirth preparation technique and is not related to psychological testing or preparation for medical procedures.

Question 11

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is useful in medical settings because of its specific orientation to health values and behaviours.

Accepted Answer

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is primarily designed to assess and diagnose mental health conditions, not specifically to evaluate health values and behaviors.

Question 12

Match the following terms with their description in items
-Non?physician employees of the hospital with patient care responsibilities.

Accepted Answer

Nurses are non-physician employees of the hospital with patient care responsibilities.

Other options:
A) Hospital administrators are typically responsible for managing the hospital's operations and finances.
B) Medical directors are physicians who oversee medical operations within a hospital or healthcare organization.
C) Staff or attending physicians are licensed doctors who have privileges to provide medical care within the hospital.
D) Residents are licensed physicians undergoing specialized training in a specific medical field.

Question 13

Match the following instruments or preparation strategies with their description in items
-Teaches natural childbirth techniques that promote informational, behavioural, and
cognitive control.

Accepted Answer

Lamaze is specifically designed to teach natural childbirth techniques that promote informational, behavioural, and cognitive control.

Answer: E
 Video preparation is a general term and can refer to various video-based strategies such as childbirth education videos, relaxation videos, or guided imagery videos.

The other options (B, C, and D) are not related to childbirth preparation techniques. The MMPI is a personality test used primarily in psychological assessment, while the MBMD is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate mental health concerns. The PAIS is an assessment of psychosocial adjustment to illness.

Question 14

Becoming overly?compliant and exacting in following medical orders in the hospital are symptoms of reactance.

Accepted Answer

Reactance is defined as a psychological reaction to a perceived threat to one's autonomy or freedom. It often results in a desire to assert one's independence and resist the pressure to comply with orders or rules. Overly compliant behavior is actually a sign of obedience or acquiescence, which is the opposite of reactance.

Question 15

Match the following instruments or preparation strategies with their description in items
-Assesses patient's health care orientation, vocational environment and domestic environment.

Accepted Answer

The Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS) is designed to assess a patient's adjustment to illness, including their health care orientation, vocational environment, and domestic environment.

Question 16

When most North Americans die, they are

Accepted Answer

Statistics show that the majority of North Americans die in hospitals. According to the CDC, in 2018, 38.7% of deaths in the United States occurred in hospitals. This is partly due to the fact that many individuals may be admitted to hospitals in their final stages of life to receive specialized medical care and support.

Question 17

Match the following instruments or preparation strategies with their description in items
-Gives information regarding a patient's basic coping style and psychogenic attitude.

Accepted Answer

The Millon Behavioural Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD) provides information about a patient's basic coping style and psychogenic attitude.

Question 18

In Taylor's (1979) view, good patients are often just in a state of helplessness.

Accepted Answer

Taylor (1979) argued that good patients are often just in a state of helplessness, as they believe that their recovery depends solely on the healthcare provider and they are passive in their treatment process.

Question 19

Match the following instruments or preparation strategies with their description in items
-"Ethan has an operation"

Accepted Answer

Video preparation is often used to help patients, like Ethan, understand and mentally prepare for medical procedures by providing visual and auditory information about what to expect during the operation.

Question 20

Match the following terms with their description in items
-Have been granted "admission privileges" by a committee of physicians.

Accepted Answer

Staff or attending physicians are the ones who have been granted "admission privileges" by a committee of physicians. Hospital administrators typically oversee the overall management of the hospital, while the medical director is responsible for the medical staff and ensuring that patient care meets medical standards. Residents are physicians undergoing specialized training, and nurses have their own set of professional credentials and responsibilities.

Quiz 10: In the Hosital: the Setting, Procedures and Effects on Patients

Problem?focused coping is used to try to cope when the problem is seen as unchangeable and the stressors cannot be reduced.

Maslach and Jackson (1982) in a study of burnout discovered that nurses showed the greatest degree of depersonalization and physicians reported the greatest dissatisfaction with their sense of accomplishment.

The use of depersonalization by medical staff may be a method of self-protection from the stress of caring for another human with serious health problems.

Match the following terms with their description in items -The Chief of Staff.

Match the following terms with their description in items -Medical school graduates employed in teaching hospitals.

Match the following terms with their description in items -Non?medical employees of the hospital without patient care responsibilities.

Despite modern techniques, it is estimated that roughly 5-10% of patients contract an infection while hospitalized.

By the end of the nineteenth century, hospitals had evolved to the point that only the wealthy could afford to use them.

The breathing techniques taught as part of the Lamaze preparation for childbirth is an example of behavioural control.

Match the following instruments or preparation strategies with their description in items -Contains scales which measure hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is useful in medical settings because of its specific orientation to health values and behaviours.

Match the following terms with their description in items -Non?physician employees of the hospital with patient care responsibilities.

Match the following instruments or preparation strategies with their description in items -Teaches natural childbirth techniques that promote informational, behavioural, and cognitive control.

Becoming overly?compliant and exacting in following medical orders in the hospital are symptoms of reactance.

Match the following instruments or preparation strategies with their description in items -Assesses patient's health care orientation, vocational environment and domestic environment.

When most North Americans die, they are

Match the following instruments or preparation strategies with their description in items -Gives information regarding a patient's basic coping style and psychogenic attitude.

In Taylor's (1979) view, good patients are often just in a state of helplessness.

Match the following instruments or preparation strategies with their description in items -"Ethan has an operation"

Match the following terms with their description in items -Have been granted "admission privileges" by a committee of physicians.