Question 1

What are normal values for serum Mg²⁺?

Accepted Answer

Normal values for serum Mg++ range from 1.7 to 2.1 mg/dl (1.7 to 1.4 mEq/L) in healthy adults.

Question 2

Which answer best describes the relationship between K⁺ movement and acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

Serum K⁺ concentration is determined primarily by the pH of extracellular fluid and the size of the intracellular K⁺ pool. In extracellular acidosis, excess H⁺ ions are exchanged for intracellular K⁺. Movement of K⁺ from intracellular to extracellular spaces may produce dangerous levels of hyperkalemia.

Question 3

Clinical symptoms of hyponatremia would include which of the following?
1) Headache
2) Bradycardia
3) Hypotension
4) Weakness

Accepted Answer

Clinical symptoms of hyponatremia may include headache, hypotension, and weakness. Bradycardia may not be a common symptom of hyponatremia.

Question 4

Which of the following drugs can be used to temporarily lower K⁺ in severe hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

Temporary measures for reducing serum K⁺ levels include administration of insulin, calcium gluconate, sodium salts, or large volumes of hypertonic glucose.

Question 5

What cation is the most prominent in the intracellular compartment?

Accepted Answer

Potassium is the main cation of the intracellular compartment.

Question 6

What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium) is most common in renal insufficiency.

Question 7

Which patients are prone to K⁺ depletion and hypokalemia? 1) Postsurgical patients 2) Those with renal disease 3) Trauma victims

Accepted Answer

Patients prone to K⁺ depletion and hypokalemia include postsurgical patients, those with renal disease, and trauma victims, as these conditions can lead to alterations in potassium handling and losses.

Question 8

What is hypercalcemia most often associated with?

Accepted Answer

Hypercalcemia (increased levels of calcium) can result from numerous disorders. The most common causes are hyperparathyroidism (increased intestinal calcium absorption) and in malignancies (e.g., multiple myeloma, lung cancer). Normal values for serum Mg²⁺ range from 1.7 to 2.1 mg/dl (1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L) in healthy adults.

Question 9

What is a normal K⁺ blood level?

Accepted Answer

Serum K⁺ concentration normally ranges between only 3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L.

Question 10

What can cause hypochloremia?
1) Diuretics
2) Gastrointestinal loss
3) Metabolic acidosis

Accepted Answer

Hypochloremia can be caused by diuretics, which increase chloride excretion, and gastrointestinal loss, such as through vomiting or diarrhea, which can lead to a loss of chloride. Metabolic acidosis is typically associated with an increase in chloride ions to maintain charge balance, not a decrease.

Question 11

Where is most of the Mg²⁺ found in the body?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where is most of the Mg²⁺ found...

Question 12

The most common causes of acute hyponatremia include:
1) postoperative iatrogenic causes.
2) not drinking enough water.
3) self-induced due to water intoxication.
4) not eating enough foods containing sodium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common causes of acute hyponatremia...

Question 13

Starling forces or fluid movement due to filtration across the wall of a capillary is dependent upon:
1) hydrostatic and oncotic pressure gradients across the capillary.
2) hydraulic (hydrostatic) in the vessel.
3) colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in the vessel.
4) colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in the tissue space.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Starling forces or fluid movement due to...

Question 14

What is the normal range for serum phosphate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the normal range for serum...

Quiz 13: Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

What are normal values for serum Mg2+?

Which answer best describes the relationship between K+ movement and acid-base balance?

Clinical symptoms of hyponatremia would include which of the following? 1) Headache 2) Bradycardia 3) Hypotension 4) Weakness

Which of the following drugs can be used to temporarily lower K+ in severe hyperkalemia?

What cation is the most prominent in the intracellular compartment?

What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia?

Which patients are prone to K+ depletion and hypokalemia? 1) Postsurgical patients 2) Those with renal disease 3) Trauma victims

What is hypercalcemia most often associated with?

What is a normal K+ blood level?

What can cause hypochloremia? 1) Diuretics 2) Gastrointestinal loss 3) Metabolic acidosis

Where is most of the Mg2+ found in the body?

The most common causes of acute hyponatremia include: 1) postoperative iatrogenic causes. 2) not drinking enough water. 3) self-induced due to water intoxication. 4) not eating enough foods containing sodium.