Question 1

Which of the following are advantages of the nasal cannula as a low-flow O₂ delivery system? 1) Stability 2) Low cost 3) Easy application 4) Disposability

Accepted Answer

The nasal cannula is a low-flow oxygen delivery system that is stable, low-cost, easy to apply, and disposable.

Question 2

You enter the room of a patient who is receiving nasal O₂ through a bubble humidifier at 5 L/min. You immediately notice that the humidifier pressure relief is popping off. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation?

Accepted Answer

The popping off of the humidifier pressure relief valve indicates a blockage or restriction in the delivery system. Checking for crimped or twisted delivery tubing is the most appropriate action to resolve the issue.

Question 3

A cooperative and alert postoperative patient who is able to eat requires a continuous but low FiO₂. Precise FiO₂ concentrations are not needed. Which of the following devices would best achieve this end?

Accepted Answer

A nasal cannula provides a continuous flow of oxygen at a low concentration, making it the best choice for a cooperative and alert postoperative patient who is able to eat. The other options (simple mask, air-entrainment mask, and nonrebreathing mask) provide higher FiO2 concentrations, which may not be necessary in this case and can cause discomfort or unnecessary oxygen toxicity.

Question 4

Which of the following factors will decrease the FiO₂ delivered by a low-flow O₂ system? 1) Short inspiratory time 2) Fast rate of breathing 3) Lower O₂ input 4) Large minute ventilation

Accepted Answer

Factors that decrease the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) delivered by a low-flow oxygen system include short inspiratory time, fast rate of breathing, lower oxygen input, and large minute ventilation. These conditions reduce the time for oxygen to mix with room air or increase the demand, thereby diluting the oxygen concentration that the patient receives.

Question 5

Which of the following is considered an advantage of the transtracheal catheter?

Accepted Answer

Compared with a nasal cannula, a transtracheal catheter needs 40% to 60% less O₂ flow to achieve a given arterial partial pressure of O₂ (PaO₂).

Question 6

What is the minimum flow setting for a simple mask applied to an adult?

Accepted Answer

At a flow less than 5 L/min, the mask volume acts as dead space and causes CO₂ rebreathing.

Question 7

A true high-flow O₂ delivery system should provide at least what flow?

Accepted Answer

To qualify as a high-flow device, a system should provide at least 60 L/min total flow.

Question 8

A physician orders supplemental O₂ for a patient through a nasal cannula at a flow of 12 L/min. When you ask what the goal is, the physician states that the patient should receive approximately 60% O₂. Which of the following should you recommend?

Accepted Answer

To achieve 60% oxygen saturation, the recommended method is to use a simple mask, as it provides a higher concentration of oxygen than a nasal cannula. The flow rate should be set between 5 to 12 L/min to avoid discomfort or drying of the nasal mucosa. Using a reservoir mask at 10 L/min (option A) would deliver a higher concentration of oxygen than what is required, and increasing the flow rate to 15 L/min (option B) would not significantly increase oxygen saturation. Giving O₂ through a simple mask at 12 to 15 L/min (option D) may lead to discomfort or rebreathing of exhaled CO2.

Question 9

Which of the following is false about the simple O₂ mask?

Accepted Answer

The simple O₂ mask cannot easily deliver high FiO2 values (>0.6 to 0.7) as it has no valving system or reservoir bag. The other options are true - it has no valving system or reservoir bag (A), it requires a minimal input flow of 5 L/min (C), and it generally functions as a variable-performance system (D).

Question 10

Which of the following is true about reservoir cannulas?

Accepted Answer

Although flow savings are fairly predictable, factors such as nasal anatomy and breathing pattern can affect the performance of the device.

Question 11

Which of the following statements are true about low-flow O₂ delivery systems? 1) The greater the patient's inspiratory flow, the greater is the FiO₂. 2) All low-flow devices provide variable O₂ concentrations. 3) The O₂ provided by a low-flow device is diluted with air. 4) The patient's flow usually exceeds that from a low-flow device.

Accepted Answer

Low-flow O₂ delivery systems provide variable O₂ concentrations, the O₂ is diluted with air, and the patient's inspiratory flow often exceeds the flow from the device.

Question 12

A 27-year-old woman received from the emergency department is on a nasal cannula at 5 L/min. Approximately what FiO₂ is this patient receiving?

Accepted Answer

Estimating the FiO₂ provided by low-flow systems: For patients with a normal rate and depth of breathing, each liter per minute of nasal O₂ increases the FiO₂ approximately 4%. For example, a patient using a nasal cannula at 4 L/min has an estimated FiO₂ of approximately 37% (21 + 16).

Question 13

Some of the major disadvantages of the transtracheal catheter are which of the following?
1) Infection
2) Mucus plugging
3) Excessive oxygen use
4) Lost tract or insertion opening

Accepted Answer

The transtracheal catheter has several major disadvantages, including the risk of infection, mucus plugging, and the potential for the tract or insertion opening to be lost. Additionally, excessive oxygen use can sometimes occur with this type of catheter. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect, as they only list some of the major disadvantages and do not provide a complete picture. Option B is the best choice, as it accurately identifies all of the major drawbacks of the transtracheal catheter.

Question 14

A well-fitted nonrebreathing mask, adjusted so that the patient's inhalation does not deflate the bag (flows approximately 10 L/min), should provide inspired O₂ concentrations in what range?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A well-fitted nonrebreathing mask, adjusted so that...

Question 15

To ensure a stable FiO₂ under varying patient demands, what must an O₂ delivery system do?

Accepted Answer

If the system provides all of the patient's inspired gas, the FiO₂ remains stable, even under changing demands.

Question 16

A 52-year-old man is admitted to the hospital emergency department with a primary complaint of severe radiating chest pain and signs of central cyanosis. The attending asks for your advice on selecting a device that provides a moderate FiO₂ for this patient. Which of the following would you recommend?

Accepted Answer

A simple O₂ mask at 8 L/min provides a moderate FiO₂ (approximately 40-60%), which is suitable for a patient needing moderate oxygen supplementation.

Question 17

Disadvantages of standard O₂ masks include which of the following? 1) Being difficult to apply to patients. 2) Patient discomfort (straps and heat). 3) Increasing the risk of aspiration. 4) Must be removed for eating.

Accepted Answer

Standard O₂ masks can cause patient discomfort due to straps and heat, increase the risk of aspiration, and must be removed for eating, making options 2, 3, and 4 correct. Difficulty in application is not typically highlighted as a disadvantage of these masks.

Question 18

A patient is receiving O₂ through a nonrebreathing mask set at 8 L/min. You notice that the mask's reservoir bag collapses completely before the end of each inspiration. Which of the following actions is appropriate in this case?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the liter flow will help to maintain the bag's inflation and provide the patient with the appropriate amount of oxygen. Changing to a partial rebreather or simple mask may not be necessary or appropriate at this time. Decreasing the liter flow could result in the patient receiving inadequate oxygenation.

Question 19

A physician orders 2 L/min O₂ through a simple mask to a 33-year-old postoperative woman with moderate hypoxemia breathing room air (PaO₂ = 52 mm Hg). What would be the correct action at this time?

Accepted Answer

At a flow less than 5 L/min, the mask volume acts as dead space and causes CO₂ rebreathing.

Question 20

You must deliver the highest possible FiO₂ to a 67-year-old man with pulmonary edema breathing at a rate of 35/min. Which of the following O₂ delivery systems would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A nonrebreathing mask at 12 to 15 L/min is most appropriate for delivering the highest possible oxygen concentration, which is crucial for a patient with pulmonary edema and a high respiratory rate.

Quiz 41: Medical Gas Therapy

Which of the following are advantages of the nasal cannula as a low-flow O₂ delivery system? 1) Stability 2) Low cost 3) Easy application 4) Disposability

You enter the room of a patient who is receiving nasal O₂ through a bubble humidifier at 5 L/min. You immediately notice that the humidifier pressure relief is popping off. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation?

A cooperative and alert postoperative patient who is able to eat requires a continuous but low FiO₂. Precise FiO₂ concentrations are not needed. Which of the following devices would best achieve this end?

Which of the following factors will decrease the FiO₂ delivered by a low-flow O₂ system? 1) Short inspiratory time 2) Fast rate of breathing 3) Lower O₂ input 4) Large minute ventilation

Which of the following is considered an advantage of the transtracheal catheter?

What is the minimum flow setting for a simple mask applied to an adult?

A true high-flow O₂ delivery system should provide at least what flow?

A physician orders supplemental O₂ for a patient through a nasal cannula at a flow of 12 L/min. When you ask what the goal is, the physician states that the patient should receive approximately 60% O₂. Which of the following should you recommend?

Which of the following is false about the simple O₂ mask?

Which of the following is true about reservoir cannulas?

A 27-year-old woman received from the emergency department is on a nasal cannula at 5 L/min. Approximately what FiO₂ is this patient receiving?

Some of the major disadvantages of the transtracheal catheter are which of the following? 1) Infection 2) Mucus plugging 3) Excessive oxygen use 4) Lost tract or insertion opening

A well-fitted nonrebreathing mask, adjusted so that the patient's inhalation does not deflate the bag (flows approximately 10 L/min) , should provide inspired O₂ concentrations in what range?

To ensure a stable FiO₂ under varying patient demands, what must an O₂ delivery system do?

Disadvantages of standard O₂ masks include which of the following? 1) Being difficult to apply to patients. 2) Patient discomfort (straps and heat) . 3) Increasing the risk of aspiration. 4) Must be removed for eating.

A patient is receiving O₂ through a nonrebreathing mask set at 8 L/min. You notice that the mask's reservoir bag collapses completely before the end of each inspiration. Which of the following actions is appropriate in this case?

A physician orders 2 L/min O₂ through a simple mask to a 33-year-old postoperative woman with moderate hypoxemia breathing room air (PaO₂ = 52 mm Hg) . What would be the correct action at this time?

You must deliver the highest possible FiO₂ to a 67-year-old man with pulmonary edema breathing at a rate of 35/min. Which of the following O₂ delivery systems would be most appropriate?

Quiz 41: Medical Gas Therapy

Which of the following are advantages of the nasal cannula as a low-flow O2 delivery system? 1) Stability 2) Low cost 3) Easy application 4) Disposability

You enter the room of a patient who is receiving nasal O2 through a bubble humidifier at 5 L/min. You immediately notice that the humidifier pressure relief is popping off. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation?

A cooperative and alert postoperative patient who is able to eat requires a continuous but low FiO2. Precise FiO2 concentrations are not needed. Which of the following devices would best achieve this end?

Which of the following factors will decrease the FiO2 delivered by a low-flow O2 system? 1) Short inspiratory time 2) Fast rate of breathing 3) Lower O2 input 4) Large minute ventilation

Which of the following is considered an advantage of the transtracheal catheter?

What is the minimum flow setting for a simple mask applied to an adult?

A true high-flow O2 delivery system should provide at least what flow?

A physician orders supplemental O2 for a patient through a nasal cannula at a flow of 12 L/min. When you ask what the goal is, the physician states that the patient should receive approximately 60% O2. Which of the following should you recommend?

Which of the following is false about the simple O2 mask?

Which of the following is true about reservoir cannulas?

A 27-year-old woman received from the emergency department is on a nasal cannula at 5 L/min. Approximately what FiO2 is this patient receiving?

Some of the major disadvantages of the transtracheal catheter are which of the following? 1) Infection 2) Mucus plugging 3) Excessive oxygen use 4) Lost tract or insertion opening

A well-fitted nonrebreathing mask, adjusted so that the patient's inhalation does not deflate the bag (flows approximately 10 L/min) , should provide inspired O2 concentrations in what range?

To ensure a stable FiO2 under varying patient demands, what must an O2 delivery system do?

Disadvantages of standard O2 masks include which of the following? 1) Being difficult to apply to patients. 2) Patient discomfort (straps and heat) . 3) Increasing the risk of aspiration. 4) Must be removed for eating.

A patient is receiving O2 through a nonrebreathing mask set at 8 L/min. You notice that the mask's reservoir bag collapses completely before the end of each inspiration. Which of the following actions is appropriate in this case?

A physician orders 2 L/min O2 through a simple mask to a 33-year-old postoperative woman with moderate hypoxemia breathing room air (PaO2 = 52 mm Hg) . What would be the correct action at this time?

You must deliver the highest possible FiO2 to a 67-year-old man with pulmonary edema breathing at a rate of 35/min. Which of the following O2 delivery systems would be most appropriate?

Which of the following are advantages of the nasal cannula as a low-flow O₂ delivery system? 1) Stability 2) Low cost 3) Easy application 4) Disposability

You enter the room of a patient who is receiving nasal O₂ through a bubble humidifier at 5 L/min. You immediately notice that the humidifier pressure relief is popping off. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation?

A cooperative and alert postoperative patient who is able to eat requires a continuous but low FiO₂. Precise FiO₂ concentrations are not needed. Which of the following devices would best achieve this end?

Which of the following factors will decrease the FiO₂ delivered by a low-flow O₂ system? 1) Short inspiratory time 2) Fast rate of breathing 3) Lower O₂ input 4) Large minute ventilation

A true high-flow O₂ delivery system should provide at least what flow?

A physician orders supplemental O₂ for a patient through a nasal cannula at a flow of 12 L/min. When you ask what the goal is, the physician states that the patient should receive approximately 60% O₂. Which of the following should you recommend?

Which of the following is false about the simple O₂ mask?

A 27-year-old woman received from the emergency department is on a nasal cannula at 5 L/min. Approximately what FiO₂ is this patient receiving?

A well-fitted nonrebreathing mask, adjusted so that the patient's inhalation does not deflate the bag (flows approximately 10 L/min) , should provide inspired O₂ concentrations in what range?

To ensure a stable FiO₂ under varying patient demands, what must an O₂ delivery system do?

Disadvantages of standard O₂ masks include which of the following? 1) Being difficult to apply to patients. 2) Patient discomfort (straps and heat) . 3) Increasing the risk of aspiration. 4) Must be removed for eating.

A patient is receiving O₂ through a nonrebreathing mask set at 8 L/min. You notice that the mask's reservoir bag collapses completely before the end of each inspiration. Which of the following actions is appropriate in this case?

A physician orders 2 L/min O₂ through a simple mask to a 33-year-old postoperative woman with moderate hypoxemia breathing room air (PaO₂ = 52 mm Hg) . What would be the correct action at this time?

You must deliver the highest possible FiO₂ to a 67-year-old man with pulmonary edema breathing at a rate of 35/min. Which of the following O₂ delivery systems would be most appropriate?