Question 1

Socialization means that the lessons learned in childhood are applied to the situations in which people find themselves as adults.This means that boys who grow up with an employed mother

Accepted Answer

Boys who grow up with an employed mother are socialized to see that it is normal for women to work outside of the home and that household responsibilities should be shared more equally among family members. Therefore, they are likely to do more housework when they grow up.

Question 2

Although some people enjoy housework and child care,most prefer to avoid at least the more onerous aspects of those responsibilities.Therefore,when couples negotiate over who does what work,the partner who has a higher-paying job

Accepted Answer

The partner with the higher-paying job often has more decision-making power because they may feel that their financial contribution justifies them being able to delegate more of the housework and child care responsibilities to their partner. This can create an imbalance in decision-making power within the relationship.

Question 3

Which group has been identified by sociologists as having more traditional gendered divisions of labor?

Accepted Answer

Christian communities have often been associated with more traditional gender roles, influenced by religious teachings and cultural norms.

Question 4

When the time demands,strains,or obligations of work or family roles make it difficult for people to fulfill their obligations in either role,they experience

Accepted Answer

The term "work-family conflict" refers specifically to the challenge of meeting demands and obligations in both work and family roles. This can lead to stress and strain in both areas, as well as negative consequences such as reduced job satisfaction and impaired family relationships. Hypertension and divorce may also be associated with work-family conflict, but are not direct outcomes of it.

Question 5

Although much of the gendered division of labor takes place within the home,there are also a number of institutional settings surrounding families that are crucial as well,including

Accepted Answer

Gender socialization through families, schools, and the media plays a crucial role in reinforcing the gendered division of labor.

Question 6

One reason that gender difference in housework has eroded over the last half-century is because

Accepted Answer

The total amount of time spent on housework has declined, which has contributed to the erosion of gender differences in housework.

Question 7

The 1970s Wages for Housework campaign attempted to

Accepted Answer

The 1970s Wages for Housework campaign aimed to demand that housewives be paid wages for their labor, recognizing the household and care work they do as valuable and necessary work that contributes to the economy. The campaign did not focus on unionizing domestic workers or advocating for women to be pushed out of the home and into the paid workplace. While the campaign may have aligned with feminist goals, it did not have a specific goal of electing a feminist-friendly state senator in New York.

Question 8

What trend in child care does the American Time Use Survey find in the last half-century?

Accepted Answer

The American Time Use Survey finds that in the last half-century, both men and women have increased their time with children, indicating a trend towards more equal participation in child care.

Question 9

According to data collected from the American Time Use Survey in 2010,men and women spend an average of how much time working per day?

Accepted Answer

According to the data collected from the American Time Use Survey in 2010, men spend an average of 6 hours and 40 minutes working per day, while women spend an average of 6 hours and 51 minutes working per day. Option D provides the closest average working time for both men and women.

Question 10

Mr.Johnson works a paid job and Mrs.Johnson primarily performs unpaid labor,such as taking care of the home and the children.What is one consequence of this situation?

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Johnson's work is not recognized because it has no direct dollar value. Despite the fact that Mrs. Johnson performs essential unpaid labor at home, her work is not valued in the same way as Mr. Johnson's paid work outside the home. This is a consequence of the gendered division of labor, in which men are typically valued more highly for their paid work and women's unpaid labor is often undervalued or completely ignored.

Question 11

One of the advantages of time-use studies,in which researchers investigate how people fill their days with activities,is that they

Accepted Answer

Time-use studies help to uncover and give value to the often-overlooked activities of care work, such as housework and caregiving, largely performed by women. This can lead to increased recognition and support for the vital work of caregivers, both paid and unpaid.

Question 12

The phenomenon in which women have seemingly endless housework and child care on top of hours of paid work is referred to by sociologist Arlie Hochschild as

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described is known as the "second shift," a concept Arlie Hochschild introduced in her book of the same name. It refers to the additional unpaid work women often do at home after their paid workday is over. This can include cooking, cleaning, childcare, and other household duties. This is a form of gender inequality, as women are expected to do this work in addition to their paid work, while men often do not face the same expectations.

Question 13

Wives significantly outearn their husbands in how many marriages?

Accepted Answer

According to a study by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in approximately 1 in 5 marriages, wives earn more than their husbands. This represents a growing trend in recent years as more women enter the workforce and take on higher-paying jobs. However, it is still less common for wives to out-earn their husbands, with the majority of marriages still featuring the husband as the primary breadwinner.

Question 14

The greater number of hours of paid work for men are,on average,balanced out by

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that women still do a larger amount of unpaid work, such as household chores and caregiving, despite working paid hours similar to men. This means that the greater hours of paid work for men are balanced out by the greater hours of unpaid work for women.

Question 15

In the last half-century,the growth of women's employment contributed to conflicts between family and paid work obligations for various reasons,including the fact that

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the last half-century,the growth of women's...

Question 16

When asked why 25-year-old Joy does more housework than her 28-year-old husband Jim,Joy said that Jim works longer hours and she therefore doesn't mind doing some extra work around the house.Joy's explanation is an example of what phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Joy's explanation rationalizes the unequal division of labor between her and her husband based on his longer work hours, which is a common phenomenon observed in many households.

Question 17

There are three main factors within couples' relationships that seem to account for the fact that women perform so much more unpaid work in the home

Accepted Answer

The three factors that account for women performing more unpaid work in the home are time, resources, and gender. Time refers to the fact that women typically have less leisure and work more hours in the home due to societal expectations. Resources refer to access to support such as childcare, technology, and domestic help, which women may have less of than men. Gender refers to the traditional gender roles and expectations that still exist in many societies, which place a heavier burden on women for domestic responsibilities. Factors like food, entertainment, health, sexuality, race, and class may be related to this issue, but they are not the main factors that explain the gendered division of unpaid labor in the home.

Question 18

Time-use data show that married women have cut their housework time roughly in half over the last half-century,while men have

Accepted Answer

The answer of Time-use data show that married women have...

Question 19

What percentage of American parents report that they would like to have more time with their families?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of American parents report that...

Question 20

In most couples,the partner with greater obligations away from home tends to do less housework and child care because that person

Accepted Answer

The partner with greater obligations away from home (such as work or travel) often has less time available to do housework and child care. This is not necessarily due to thinking they are better, being able to hire help, or being less capable of performing household tasks.

Quiz 11: Work and Families