Question 1

Which child is most likely to succeed in school?
A)Chris,who is very active
B)Megan,who is easily distractible
C)Deshawn,who is very persistent
D)Juan,who is very shy

Accepted Answer

Persistence is a key characteristic that often leads to success in school. While being active (A) can be helpful for physical health and social skills, easily distractible (B) can hinder academic performance. Being shy (D) may also make it difficult for a child to actively participate in class or seek help when needed.

Question 2

A social smile typically occurs when an infant
A)was recently fed.
B)is asleep.
C)sees another human face.
D)is at least 1 year of age.

Accepted Answer

Social smiles are typically a response to see another human face.

Question 3

Which of the following is a basic emotion?
A)pride
B)guilt
C)happiness
D)embarrassment

Accepted Answer

Pride,guilt,and embarrassment are all self-conscious emotions;happiness is a basic emotion.

Question 4

According to Bowlby,during which phase of attachment does the infant engage in many behaviors,such as crying,smiling,and gazing intently,that elicit caregiving from an adult?
A)preattachment
B)attachment in the making
C)true attachment
D)reciprocal relationships

Accepted Answer

During the preattachment phase, infants engage in behaviors like crying and smiling to attract the attention and care of adults, but they do not yet show a preference for a specific caregiver.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a complex emotion?
A)pride
B)guilt
C)fear
D)embarrassment

Accepted Answer

Pride, guilt, and embarrassment are all considered complex emotions because they involve a combination of basic emotions such as happiness, sadness, or fear. Fear, on the other hand, is a basic emotion in and of itself.

Question 6

Social smiles typically first appear at
A)birth.
B)2 months of age.
C)6 months of age.
D)18 months of age.

Accepted Answer

Infants smile socially for the first time around 2 months of age.

Question 7

In the first month,infants may smile
A)while asleep.
B)when asleep and when softly touched - serving as social smiles.
C)while asleep and when softly touched - reflexive responses to bodily states.
D)when they see another person.
)

Accepted Answer

Social smiles first appear about 2 to 3 months of age when they see another person.

Question 8

Basic emotions consist of a subjective feeling,an overt behavior,and
A)a physiological change.
B)an evaluative component.
C)a cultural-specific expression.
D)an advanced cognitive component.

Accepted Answer

Basic emotions involve a subjective feeling,a physiological change,and an overt behavior.

Question 9

A set of expectations about parents' availability and responsiveness,generally and in times of stress is known as
A)an internal working model.
B)preattachment.
C)attachment in the making.
D)reciprocal relationships.

Accepted Answer

An internal working model refers to a set of expectations that infants and young children develop about their parents' availability and responsiveness, which they carry with them into adulthood and use as a basis for their future relationships. This includes expectations of how parents will behave in times of stress or need, and forms the basis for the development of attachment styles. Choices B, C, and D all refer to other concepts related to attachment, but do not specifically describe this set of expectations.

Question 10

Given an opportunity to play with both mothers and fathers,infants are more likely to choose
A)fathers.
B)mothers.
C)Infants are equally likely to choose fathers or mothers as they don't really have a preference.
D)Infants prefer to play with peers,and do not choose to play with mothers and fathers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given an opportunity to play with both...

Question 11

According to Rothbart's theory of temperament,__________ refers to the extent to which a child is generally happy,active,vocal,and regularly seeks interesting stimulation.
A)negative affect
B)effortful control
C)activity level
D)surgency/extraversion

Accepted Answer

Surgency/extraversion, also known as positive emotionality, refers to the degree to which a child is outgoing, assertive, and seeks out novel or stimulating experiences. It encompasses characteristics such as high activity level, sociability, and positive mood.

Question 12

Researchers often use __________ to assess an infant's emotional state.
A)facial expressions
B)subjective feelings
C)the Strange Situation
D)systematic desensitization

Accepted Answer

Facial expressions are an overt behavior most often used to assess an infant's emotional state.

Question 13

Gabriel is upset when his mother drops him off at child care and seems upset and sometimes angry when she returns.His mother has a hard time consoling him.Gabriel most likely has what type of attachment?
A)secure
B)resistant
C)avoidant
D)disorganized (disoriented)

Accepted Answer

Gabriel's behavior of being upset when his mother leaves and difficult to console when she returns suggests that he has an insecure-resistant attachment style. Children with resistant attachment often become very distressed when separated from their primary caregiver and have a hard time being comforted when they return, which matches Gabriel's behavior.

Question 14

Basic emotions
A)do not involve a physiological change.
B)are not expressed in an overt behavior.
C)vary from culture to culture.
D)involve a subjective feeling.

Accepted Answer

Basic emotions involve a subjective feeling,a physiological change,and an overt behavior.

Question 15

Nine-month-old Jack sees a cat for the first time.As the cat approaches him,Jack looks toward his mother to see how she reacts to the cat.Jack uses his mother's emotions to determine his response to the cat,a tool known as
A)systematic desensitization.
B)complex emotions.
C)display rules.
D)social referencing.

Accepted Answer

Social referencing refers to the use of a caregiver's emotional expressions to guide behavior in situations that are perceived as ambiguous or uncertain. In this scenario, Jack is using his mother's emotional response to the cat to decide whether the cat is safe or not. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 16

Which of the following emerges first?
A)anger
B)embarrassment
C)pride
D)fear

Accepted Answer

Anger is one of the first negative emotions to emerge from generalized distress and typically does so between 4 and 6 months.

Question 17

All of the basic emotions are experienced by as early as
A)the first few months of life.
B)8 or 9 months of age.
C)18 to 24 months of age.
D)the preschool years.

Accepted Answer

Newborns experience only two general emotions: pleasure and distress.Rapidly,though,more discrete emotions emerge,and by 8 or 9 months of age,infants are thought to experience all basic emotions.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a basic emotion?
A)happiness
B)anger
C)fear
D)embarrassment

Accepted Answer

Embarrassment is often considered a secondary emotion that arises from other emotions such as shame or guilt. The six basic emotions are considered to be happiness, anger, fear, sadness, disgust, and surprise.

Question 19

In their study of how temperament influences helping others,Young,Fox,and Zahn-Waxler found that
A)shy and outgoing children were equally likely to express concern,but outgoing children were more likely to help a stranger.
B)shy and outgoing children were equally likely to express concern,but shy children were more likely to help a stranger.
C)shy and outgoing children were equally likely to express concern and to help a stranger.
D)outgoing children were both more likely to express concern and more likely to help a stranger.

Accepted Answer

According to the study, shy and outgoing children were equally likely to express concern, meaning they had similar levels of empathy. However, outgoing children were more likely to actually help a stranger, suggesting that their temperament influenced their behavior towards others.

Question 20

Which of the following would be the element of a basic emotion referred to as a subjective feeling?
A)a smile
B)an increase in heart rate
C)bumping into a chair
D)being so happy you feel like you're floating on air

Accepted Answer

Smiles and bumping into a chair are overt behaviors,while an increase in heart rate is a physiological change,so happiness is the subjective feeling.

Quiz 10: Emotional Development

Which child is most likely to succeed in school?

A social smile typically occurs when an infant

Which of the following is a basic emotion?

According to Bowlby,during which phase of attachment does the infant engage in many behaviors,such as crying,smiling,and gazing intently,that elicit caregiving from an adult?

Which of the following is NOT a complex emotion?

Social smiles typically first appear at

In the first month,infants may smile

Basic emotions consist of a subjective feeling,an overt behavior,and

A set of expectations about parents' availability and responsiveness,generally and in times of stress is known as

Given an opportunity to play with both mothers and fathers,infants are more likely to choose

According to Rothbart's theory of temperament,__________ refers to the extent to which a child is generally happy,active,vocal,and regularly seeks interesting stimulation.

Researchers often use __________ to assess an infant's emotional state.

Gabriel is upset when his mother drops him off at child care and seems upset and sometimes angry when she returns.His mother has a hard time consoling him.Gabriel most likely has what type of attachment?

Basic emotions

Nine-month-old Jack sees a cat for the first time.As the cat approaches him,Jack looks toward his mother to see how she reacts to the cat.Jack uses his mother's emotions to determine his response to the cat,a tool known as

Which of the following emerges first?

All of the basic emotions are experienced by as early as

Which of the following is NOT a basic emotion?

In their study of how temperament influences helping others,Young,Fox,and Zahn-Waxler found that

Which of the following would be the element of a basic emotion referred to as a subjective feeling?