Question 1

Outpatient physical therapy services are indicated when the individual's goals are

Accepted Answer

Improving high-level balance skills and recreational skills are not considered necessary to asses a student in an educational setting, so outpatient services would be recommended to serve this student. Any goal that is not educationally based would not qualify for school-based services, but outpatient services might be appropriate.

Question 2

The common gait pattern for individuals with Down syndrome can be characterized by

Accepted Answer

Foot pronation, forward head, and kyphotic spinal column are common in children having Down syndrome.

Question 3

An individual with Down syndrome typically has ___muscle tone.

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome is associated with low or floppy muscle tone (hypotonia).

Question 4

Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, a child with an established diagnosis of Down syndrome has the right to receive educationally based services to help obtain functional independence until what age?

Accepted Answer

Although not specifically addressed in this chapter, Chapters 1 and 12 note that students are eligible for services in schools under IDEA until age 21.

Question 5

Common sitting posture for individuals with Down syndrome can be characterized by

Accepted Answer

Sitting posture for individuals with Down syndrome is characterized by external hip rotation, flexed spine, and forward head (see Fig. 21.5).

Question 6

Which of the following age-related changes are common for individuals with Down syndrome showing signs of dementia?

Accepted Answer

Symptoms of dementia and Alzheimer's disease observed in adults with Down syndrome may include memory loss, weight loss, decreased adaptive skills, personality changes, and loss of conversation skills (Barnhardt & Connolly, 2007). Hypotonia is an ongoing characteristic of Down syndrome present at birth and is not an age-related change.

Question 7

There is evidence to suggest that participation in sensorimotor group sessions improves motor outcomes in young children with Down syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Young children with Down syndrome who participated in the sensorimotor group sessions in addition to individual physical therapy demonstrated significant improvement as compared to the control group on selected domains of the Gross Motor Function Measure, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and Goal Attainment Scaling (LaForme et al, 2009).

Question 8

The Original Borg Scale

Accepted Answer

The Original Borg Scale (Borg, 1982) is used to track perceived exertion during exercise routines.

Question 9

There is evidence to suggest that the following intervention might be successful with infants with Down syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Infants with Down syndrome receiving higher intensity treadmill training demonstrated higher activity levels than infants with Down syndrome receiving lower intensity treadmill training (Angulo-Barroso et al, 2008).

Question 10

Typically, individuals with Down syndrome have

Accepted Answer

Children with Down syndrome typically have hypothyroidism (Pueschel & Bier, 1992).

Question 11

Heart defects and cardiovascular pathology are a common complication in children with Down syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Associated impairments for those with Down syndrome include cardiovascular pathology (Freeman et al, 1998).

Question 12

For a preschool child with Down syndrome, which of the following would the most valid and appropriate tool to monitor the progress of gross motor skills and functional mobility?

Accepted Answer

The Gross Motor Function Measure has been validated in children having Down syndrome (review

Question 13

Down syndrome occurs when there is a third _chromosome.

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome occurs when there is a third 21st chromosome

Quiz 21: Down Syndrome