Question 1

When applying manual resistance to the upper extremity using the D₁ extension pattern (PNF),the muscle groups being facilitated (strengthened)are the shoulder extensors and the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When applying manual resistance to the upper...

Question 2

A patient is holding a piece of elastic tubing with both hands in front of the body.Both elbows are flexed to 90S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0,and both upper arms are held gently against the sides of the patient's chest.Instruct the patient to internally and externally rotate both shoulders simultaneously in this position.This activity strengthens the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is holding a piece of...

Question 3

Which of the following is true of resistance training for the patient with known osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Resistance exercise has been shown to be an important component of rehabilitation and conditioning programs for patients with osteoporosis. Safe resistance training should be performed with submaximal loads, but avoidance of all resistance training could be detrimental to the patient's bone health. Isometric exercises may not be enough to provide adequate strengthening of the bones and muscles. While there is a risk of stress fractures, proper exercise prescription and monitoring can minimize this risk.

Question 4

You are having a patient perform manual resistance exercise in a PNF pattern,specifically the D₂ flexion pattern for the upper extremity.As the patient flexes the shoulder and brings the arm overhead against your resistance,what other muscle groups at the shoulder are being strengthened?

Accepted Answer

In the D2 flexion pattern for the upper extremity, the shoulder is flexed, abducted, and externally rotated. Therefore, the muscle groups being strengthened include the abductors and external rotators.

Question 5

Which of the following describes the research evidence regarding the effective treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)once it occurs?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that continuing the training program that has induced DOMS does not worsen the muscle damage or slow the process of recovery. There is limited evidence supporting the use of modalities such as electrical stimulation and cold therapy in the treatment of DOMS, and the effectiveness of postexercise massage and compression sleeves may be influenced by individual athlete factors such as level of training and muscle group affected.

Question 6

You have a patient assume a prone-lying position and prop symmetrically on his forearms.You apply manual resistance in several directions at the shoulder girdles as you ask the patient to hold (maintain)the symmetrical position.This technique is known as:

Accepted Answer

The described technique is known as rhythmic stabilization, in which manual resistance is applied in multiple directions while the patient is asked to maintain a specific position without movement. This technique is often used in the assessment and treatment of stability and proprioception in the shoulder girdles. Agonist-contraction, recurrent facilitation, and repeated contractions involve different types of muscle contractions and are not synonymous with the technique described.

Question 7

Which of the following is the most efficient way to neutralize the effects of muscle fatigue during an exercise session?

Accepted Answer

Performing unresisted exercises during the rest interval between sets, also known as active recovery, is the most efficient way to neutralize the effects of muscle fatigue during an exercise session. This helps increase blood flow to the muscles, which helps clear out waste products like lactic acid that contribute to fatigue. Stopping all exercise and resting completely between sets can actually contribute to muscle fatigue, as blood flow decreases and waste products buildup. Applying cold to the muscles or massaging them may provide temporary relief but do not address the underlying causes of muscle fatigue.

Question 8

Your patient is lying supine and you are strengthening the iliopsoas on the (R)using manual resistance.The main reason you would want to place the patient's (L)hip and knee in flexion (foot planted on the table)is to:

Accepted Answer

Placing the patient's (L)hip and knee in flexion (foot planted on the table) stabilizes the pelvis in a neutral to posteriorly rotated position. This lessens the possibility of an anterior pelvic tilt occurring, which would place stress on the low back. This position also improves the mechanical efficiency of the iliopsoas on the (R) because it allows for better contraction of the muscle without compensations or substitution patterns. The other choices are not relevant to the purpose of this specific positioning.

Question 9

In addition to an isokinetic dynamometer,which of the following types of resistance equipment can be used safely and effectively to improve muscle strength at fast velocities of limb movement?

Accepted Answer

Variable resistance equipment that employs pneumatic or hydraulic resistance is specifically designed to allow for safe and effective muscle strengthening at various speeds, including fast velocities of limb movement, without the need for gravity-dependent weights. This makes it suitable for high-speed training.

Question 10

To selectively strengthen the flexor digitorum superficialis using manual resistance exercise,position the patient's forearm in supination and wrist in neutral on a table;then:

Accepted Answer

The flexor digitorum superficialis primarily flexes the PIP joint. To isolate and strengthen it, stabilize the MCP and DIP joints and apply resistance to the middle phalanx as the patient flexes the PIP joint.

Question 11

To strengthen the posterior tibialis using manual resistance,have the patient assume a long sitting position on a table or mat.Support and hold the lower leg with one hand and:

Accepted Answer

The posterior tibialis is primarily responsible for plantar flexion and inversion of the foot, so applying resistance to the plantar and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal will target this muscle group. Option B would target the peroneus longus and brevis muscles, and options C and D would target the tibialis anterior and other dorsiflexors.

Question 12

Which factors affect the amount of resistance provided by elastic resistance bands during exercise?

Accepted Answer

The amount of resistance provided by elastic bands during exercise primarily depends on the stretch or elongation of the band and the angle of the band in relation to the moving bone. The more the band is stretched and the closer it is to perpendicular to the moving bone, the greater the resistance. The length of the muscle and speed of movement may play a secondary role but are not as significant as the other factors.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes cross-training or cross-exercise,a phenomenon that has been observed as a result of resistance training?

Accepted Answer

Cross-training or cross-exercise refers to the phenomenon where exercising a muscle group on one side of the body can lead to strength gains in the same muscle group on the opposite, unexercised side of the body. This is due to neural adaptations that affect both sides of the body, even though only one side is being actively trained.

Question 14

Each of the following is characteristic of delayed-onset muscle soreness except:

Accepted Answer

Delayed-onset muscle soreness is not believed to be caused by postexercise muscle spasm, but rather by microtears in the muscle fiber and surrounding connective tissue.

Question 15

You are designing an exercise program for a patient with a history of hypertension.Which of the following types of exercise is associated with the highest risk of causing an increase in blood pressure during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High-effort isometric exercise (such as holding a plank position) is associated with the highest risk of causing an increase in blood pressure during exercise. Isokinetic exercise at medium to fast velocities and high-effort dynamic resistance exercise can also increase blood pressure but typically to a lesser degree. Setting exercises (such as yoga or tai chi) are generally considered low-intensity and not as likely to cause significant increases in blood pressure.

Question 16

You test the muscle strength of the middle deltoid and determine it to be 2/5.The goal of an exercise you are having a patient do is to increase muscular endurance of the middle deltoid.Of the exercises described,which is most appropriate to meet the goal at this point in the exercise program?

Accepted Answer

Since the muscle strength is 2/5, the patient can move the arm with gravity eliminated but cannot do so against resistance. Option C provides minimal resistance and support, allowing the patient to perform the exercise within their current capability to build endurance.

Question 17

Mr.Z is a 68-year-old man who underwent abdominal surgery 3 months ago.Since his surgery,he has had difficulty walking.You determine that during the period of bed rest and modified activity,his legs have become quite weak,contributing to his difficulty walking.The ROM of his lower extremities is within normal limits.You determine that the 10 RM for the hip extensors and quadriceps bilaterally (measured on a bilateral leg press unit)is only 20 lb.After a brief warm-up on a stationary bicycle,you have Mr.Z perform the following PRE regimen: 10 repetitions of hip and knee extension against 20 lb;10 repetitions against 15 lb;and 10 repetitions against 10 lb with a rest between each set of 10 repetitions.This approach to PRE is known as:

Accepted Answer

The described PRE (Progressive Resistance Exercise) regimen for Mr. Z starts with the highest load (20 lb) and decreases the load with each subsequent set (to 15 lb, then 10 lb). This approach, where the resistance decreases with each set, is characteristic of the Oxford regimen.

Question 18

If a patient who has an inflammatory muscle disease such as polymyositis engages in a vigorous resistance training program,it is possible that irreversible progressive deterioration,rather than improvement,in muscle strength can occur.The term that best describes this phenomenon is:

Accepted Answer

Overwork weakness is the term used to describe the phenomenon of irreversible progressive deterioration in muscle strength that can occur in patients with inflammatory muscle diseases such as polymyositis when engaging in a vigorous resistance training program. This is a result of the immune system attacking not only diseased muscle fibers but also healthy ones, leading to further damage and weakness. It is important for patients with these conditions to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a safe and effective exercise plan that takes into account their unique needs and limitations.

Question 19

Of the following,which is the best definition of an "8 RM"?

Accepted Answer

An "8 RM" refers to the greatest amount of resistance (load) that a patient can lift or lower through the available range of motion (ROM) for 8 complete repetitions, no more and no less. This is often used as a measure of strength and is commonly used in exercise programming for resistance training. Option A refers to a measurement of time, while option B refers to the number of sets of an exercise, neither of which accurately defines an 8 RM. Option C refers to the amount of resistance lifted in a specific time frame but does not specify a set number of repetitions.

Question 20

You are having a patient perform manual resistance exercise of the lower extremity using a PNF diagonal pattern.In which of the following lower extremity patterns is ankle dorsiflexion coupled with eversion resisted?

Accepted Answer

In the DS1U1B12 pattern, ankle dorsiflexion is coupled with eversion, and manual resistance is applied in the flexion direction. Option A and B both have ankle dorsiflexion coupled with inversion or eversion, respectively, but not together in the same pattern. Option D has ankle plantarflexion coupled with extension, which is not the same as ankle dorsiflexion coupled with eversion. Therefore, C is the correct answer.

Quiz 6: Resistance Exercise for Impaired Muscle Performance

When applying manual resistance to the upper extremity using the D₁ extension pattern (PNF) ,the muscle groups being facilitated (strengthened) are the shoulder extensors and the:

Which of the following is true of resistance training for the patient with known osteoporosis?

You are having a patient perform manual resistance exercise in a PNF pattern,specifically the D₂ flexion pattern for the upper extremity.As the patient flexes the shoulder and brings the arm overhead against your resistance,what other muscle groups at the shoulder are being strengthened?

Which of the following describes the research evidence regarding the effective treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) once it occurs?

You have a patient assume a prone-lying position and prop symmetrically on his forearms.You apply manual resistance in several directions at the shoulder girdles as you ask the patient to hold (maintain) the symmetrical position.This technique is known as:

Which of the following is the most efficient way to neutralize the effects of muscle fatigue during an exercise session?

Your patient is lying supine and you are strengthening the iliopsoas on the (R) using manual resistance.The main reason you would want to place the patient's (L) hip and knee in flexion (foot planted on the table) is to:

In addition to an isokinetic dynamometer,which of the following types of resistance equipment can be used safely and effectively to improve muscle strength at fast velocities of limb movement?

To selectively strengthen the flexor digitorum superficialis using manual resistance exercise,position the patient's forearm in supination and wrist in neutral on a table;then:

To strengthen the posterior tibialis using manual resistance,have the patient assume a long sitting position on a table or mat.Support and hold the lower leg with one hand and:

Which factors affect the amount of resistance provided by elastic resistance bands during exercise?

Which of the following best describes cross-training or cross-exercise,a phenomenon that has been observed as a result of resistance training?

Each of the following is characteristic of delayed-onset muscle soreness except:

You are designing an exercise program for a patient with a history of hypertension.Which of the following types of exercise is associated with the highest risk of causing an increase in blood pressure during exercise?

You test the muscle strength of the middle deltoid and determine it to be 2/5.The goal of an exercise you are having a patient do is to increase muscular endurance of the middle deltoid.Of the exercises described,which is most appropriate to meet the goal at this point in the exercise program?

If a patient who has an inflammatory muscle disease such as polymyositis engages in a vigorous resistance training program,it is possible that irreversible progressive deterioration,rather than improvement,in muscle strength can occur.The term that best describes this phenomenon is:

Of the following,which is the best definition of an "8 RM"?

You are having a patient perform manual resistance exercise of the lower extremity using a PNF diagonal pattern.In which of the following lower extremity patterns is ankle dorsiflexion coupled with eversion resisted?

Quiz 6: Resistance Exercise for Impaired Muscle Performance

When applying manual resistance to the upper extremity using the D1 extension pattern (PNF) ,the muscle groups being facilitated (strengthened) are the shoulder extensors and the:

Which of the following is true of resistance training for the patient with known osteoporosis?

You are having a patient perform manual resistance exercise in a PNF pattern,specifically the D2 flexion pattern for the upper extremity.As the patient flexes the shoulder and brings the arm overhead against your resistance,what other muscle groups at the shoulder are being strengthened?

Which of the following describes the research evidence regarding the effective treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) once it occurs?

You have a patient assume a prone-lying position and prop symmetrically on his forearms.You apply manual resistance in several directions at the shoulder girdles as you ask the patient to hold (maintain) the symmetrical position.This technique is known as:

Which of the following is the most efficient way to neutralize the effects of muscle fatigue during an exercise session?

Your patient is lying supine and you are strengthening the iliopsoas on the (R) using manual resistance.The main reason you would want to place the patient's (L) hip and knee in flexion (foot planted on the table) is to:

In addition to an isokinetic dynamometer,which of the following types of resistance equipment can be used safely and effectively to improve muscle strength at fast velocities of limb movement?

To selectively strengthen the flexor digitorum superficialis using manual resistance exercise,position the patient's forearm in supination and wrist in neutral on a table;then:

To strengthen the posterior tibialis using manual resistance,have the patient assume a long sitting position on a table or mat.Support and hold the lower leg with one hand and:

Which factors affect the amount of resistance provided by elastic resistance bands during exercise?

Which of the following best describes cross-training or cross-exercise,a phenomenon that has been observed as a result of resistance training?

Each of the following is characteristic of delayed-onset muscle soreness except:

You are designing an exercise program for a patient with a history of hypertension.Which of the following types of exercise is associated with the highest risk of causing an increase in blood pressure during exercise?

You test the muscle strength of the middle deltoid and determine it to be 2/5.The goal of an exercise you are having a patient do is to increase muscular endurance of the middle deltoid.Of the exercises described,which is most appropriate to meet the goal at this point in the exercise program?

If a patient who has an inflammatory muscle disease such as polymyositis engages in a vigorous resistance training program,it is possible that irreversible progressive deterioration,rather than improvement,in muscle strength can occur.The term that best describes this phenomenon is:

Of the following,which is the best definition of an "8 RM"?

You are having a patient perform manual resistance exercise of the lower extremity using a PNF diagonal pattern.In which of the following lower extremity patterns is ankle dorsiflexion coupled with eversion resisted?

When applying manual resistance to the upper extremity using the D₁ extension pattern (PNF) ,the muscle groups being facilitated (strengthened) are the shoulder extensors and the:

You are having a patient perform manual resistance exercise in a PNF pattern,specifically the D₂ flexion pattern for the upper extremity.As the patient flexes the shoulder and brings the arm overhead against your resistance,what other muscle groups at the shoulder are being strengthened?