Question 1

Plasminogen is synthesized in the __________.

Accepted Answer

Plasminogen is primarily synthesized in the liver, although it can also be produced in other tissues such as the kidney and spleen. However, the liver is the main site of production for this protein.

Question 2

Which of the following are characteristics of urokinase?

Accepted Answer

Urokinase is synthesized by the kidney, excreted in the urine, and has a low affinity for fibrin.

Question 3

Which diffuse pathologic form of coagulation results from an accentuated coagulation response leading to consumption of coagulation factors and platelets with subsequent fibrin thrombi throughout the microcirculation as well as the site of endothelial damage?

Accepted Answer

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a diffuse pathologic form of coagulation that results from an accentuated coagulation response leading to consumption of coagulation factors and platelets with subsequent fibrin thrombi throughout the microcirculation as well as the site of endothelial damage. Fibrinolysis and coagulation are not specific enough to describe this condition. "All of the above" and "None of the above" are not appropriate choices as they do not provide a specific answer.

Question 4

At concentration greater than 100 µg/mL, the FDPs are capable of:

Accepted Answer

Fibrin degradation products (FDPs) at high concentrations can inhibit platelet aggregation and release, affecting the clotting process.

Question 5

Which of the following is/are an example(s) of plasminogen activators?

Accepted Answer

All of the listed options - urokinase, streptokinase, staphylokinase, and TPA - are examples of plasminogen activators. These enzymes are responsible for converting plasminogen to plasmin, which then breaks down fibrin to help dissolve blood clots.

Question 6

Which fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) fragment is capable of clotting?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) fragment is...

Question 7

Which serine protease proteolytically degrades both fibrin in clots and native fibrinogen in the circulation into a series of well-characterized end-products collectively known as fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products?

Accepted Answer

Plasmin is the serine protease that proteolytically degrades both fibrin in clots and native fibrinogen in the circulation into a series of well-characterized end-products collectively known as fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products. Protein C and Kallikrein are not known to have this function, and while Plasminogen is converted to Plasmin and is involved in fibrinolysis, it is not the direct enzyme responsible for degrading fibrin and fibrinogen.

Question 8

Exogenous streptokinase is a product of __________.

Accepted Answer

Exogenous streptokinase is produced by beta-hemolytic streptococci. It is used medically to dissolve blood clots.

Question 9

Elevated FDPs have which of the following effects?

Accepted Answer

Elevated Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs) can prolong thrombin time by interfering with the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, form soluble complexes with fibrin which can interfere with the normal clotting process, and inhibit platelet function, thereby affecting the clotting mechanism at multiple levels.

Question 10

The __________ complex rapidly converts protein C to its activated state, resulting in proteolytic cleavage of activated factor V.

Accepted Answer

The thrombin-thrombomodulin complex rapidly converts protein C to its activated state, resulting in the proteolytic cleavage of activated factor V. This process is an important negative feedback mechanism in the coagulation cascade, as activated protein C (APC) inhibits the activation of factors VIII and V and promotes fibrinolysis by degrading plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Prothrombin, fibrin-fibrinogen, and plasmin-plasminogen complexes are not involved in this specific process.

Question 11

__________ activators are serine proteases present in the blood and a variety of other tissues, particularly the vascular endothelium.

Accepted Answer

Endogenous activators are produced within the body and include serine proteases found in the blood and other tissues, such as the vascular endothelium. Exogenous activators come from outside the body, and xenogenous activators are of foreign origin. Therefore, choices A and C are incorrect, and choices D and E are not applicable to this question.

Question 12

The primary physiologic inhibitor of plasmin in-vivo is __________.

Accepted Answer

The primary physiologic inhibitor of plasmin in-vivo is α₂-Anti-plasmin inhibitor or alpha-2-antiplasmin. This inhibitor binds to plasmin and inactivates it, preventing excessive fibrinolysis. While the other options listed are inhibitors of various proteases, they are not the primary inhibitor of plasmin in-vivo.

Question 13

The molecular components of the fibrinolytic system consist of all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Thrombin is not a part of the fibrinolytic system, but rather a component of the coagulation cascade that converts fibrinogen to fibrin. The fibrinolytic system involves the breakdown of fibrin by plasmin, which is generated from plasminogen. The α₂-anti-Plasmin inhibitor is a molecule that inhibits plasmin activity. Fibrin/fibrinogen is a substrate for plasmin.

Question 14

Which substance forms a complex with protein C in the inhibition of activated factors V and VIII?

Accepted Answer

Protein C forms a complex with Protein S, which is necessary for the inhibition of activated factors V and VIII.

Question 15

$\alpha$₂-Anti-plasmin inhibitor irreversibly binds to the __________ binding site on plasmin in a 1:1 molar ratio.

Accepted Answer

Anti-plasmin inhibitor irreversibly binds to the lysine binding site on plasmin in a 1:1 molar ratio. This binding blocks the ability of plasmin to cleave fibrin and degrade blood clots, leading to increased clot stability.

Question 16

Native plasminogen is a single-chain plasma __________ of approximately 90,000 daltons that circulates in two molecular forms.

Accepted Answer

Native plasminogen is a zymogen that circulates in two molecular forms.

Question 17

Streptokinase forms a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with __________.

Accepted Answer

Streptokinase forms a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with plasminogen, which is then converted to plasmin. This conversion leads to the breakdown of fibrin, thus promoting clot dissolution.

Question 18

Which form of plasminogen is more readily converted to active plasmin by plasminogen activators?

Accepted Answer

Lys-plasminogen is the form that is more readily converted to active plasmin by plasminogen activators. This is because lysine residues on lys-plasminogen interact with the kringle domains of plasminogen activators, facilitating their binding and activation of plasminogen.

Question 19

What is the overall effect of $\alpha$₂-anti-plasmin inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

F1F1F1S1F1F1F10₂-anti-plasmin inhibitor binds to plasminogen, which prevents its conversion to plasmin. This limits plasmin activity to the area of fibrin deposition, thus preventing excessive clot lysis. It does not release free plasmin into circulation or completely inhibit clot lysis. Therefore, only option B is the correct choice.

Question 20

Venous occlusion and strenuous exercise release which of the following from the endothelium?

Accepted Answer

Venous occlusion and strenuous exercise cause shear stress on the endothelium, leading to the release of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), which helps to dissolve blood clots. Activated protein C, protein S, and thrombomodulin are involved in the regulation of coagulation but are not directly released in response to venous occlusion and exercise.

Quiz 27: Interaction of the Fibrinolytic, Coagulation, and Kinin Systems; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; and Related Pathology

Plasminogen is synthesized in the __________.

Which of the following are characteristics of urokinase?

Which diffuse pathologic form of coagulation results from an accentuated coagulation response leading to consumption of coagulation factors and platelets with subsequent fibrin thrombi throughout the microcirculation as well as the site of endothelial damage?

At concentration greater than 100 µg/mL, the FDPs are capable of:

Which of the following is/are an example(s) of plasminogen activators?

Which fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) fragment is capable of clotting?

Which serine protease proteolytically degrades both fibrin in clots and native fibrinogen in the circulation into a series of well-characterized end-products collectively known as fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products?

Exogenous streptokinase is a product of __________.

Elevated FDPs have which of the following effects?

The __________ complex rapidly converts protein C to its activated state, resulting in proteolytic cleavage of activated factor V.

__________ activators are serine proteases present in the blood and a variety of other tissues, particularly the vascular endothelium.

The primary physiologic inhibitor of plasmin in-vivo is __________.

The molecular components of the fibrinolytic system consist of all of the following except:

Which substance forms a complex with protein C in the inhibition of activated factors V and VIII?

$\alpha$ ₂-Anti-plasmin inhibitor irreversibly binds to the __________ binding site on plasmin in a 1:1 molar ratio.

Native plasminogen is a single-chain plasma __________ of approximately 90,000 daltons that circulates in two molecular forms.

Streptokinase forms a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with __________.

Which form of plasminogen is more readily converted to active plasmin by plasminogen activators?

What is the overall effect of $\alpha$ ₂-anti-plasmin inhibitor?

Venous occlusion and strenuous exercise release which of the following from the endothelium?

Quiz 27: Interaction of the Fibrinolytic, Coagulation, and Kinin Systems; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; and Related Pathology

Plasminogen is synthesized in the __________.

Which of the following are characteristics of urokinase?

Which diffuse pathologic form of coagulation results from an accentuated coagulation response leading to consumption of coagulation factors and platelets with subsequent fibrin thrombi throughout the microcirculation as well as the site of endothelial damage?

At concentration greater than 100 µg/mL, the FDPs are capable of:

Which of the following is/are an example(s) of plasminogen activators?

Which fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) fragment is capable of clotting?

Which serine protease proteolytically degrades both fibrin in clots and native fibrinogen in the circulation into a series of well-characterized end-products collectively known as fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products?

Exogenous streptokinase is a product of __________.

Elevated FDPs have which of the following effects?

The __________ complex rapidly converts protein C to its activated state, resulting in proteolytic cleavage of activated factor V.

__________ activators are serine proteases present in the blood and a variety of other tissues, particularly the vascular endothelium.

The primary physiologic inhibitor of plasmin in-vivo is __________.

The molecular components of the fibrinolytic system consist of all of the following except:

Which substance forms a complex with protein C in the inhibition of activated factors V and VIII?

α\alphaα 2-Anti-plasmin inhibitor irreversibly binds to the __________ binding site on plasmin in a 1:1 molar ratio.

Native plasminogen is a single-chain plasma __________ of approximately 90,000 daltons that circulates in two molecular forms.

Streptokinase forms a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with __________.

Which form of plasminogen is more readily converted to active plasmin by plasminogen activators?

What is the overall effect of α\alphaα 2-anti-plasmin inhibitor?

Venous occlusion and strenuous exercise release which of the following from the endothelium?

$\alpha$ ₂-Anti-plasmin inhibitor irreversibly binds to the __________ binding site on plasmin in a 1:1 molar ratio.

What is the overall effect of $\alpha$ ₂-anti-plasmin inhibitor?