Question 1

The "stress-response" and stimulation part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)is the sympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response and stimulation in the ANS.

Question 2

A person with weakness of knee extension has damage to which of the following nerves?

Accepted Answer

The femoral nerve innervates the quadriceps muscle group which is responsible for knee extension. Damage to the femoral nerve can cause weakness or paralysis of the quadriceps muscle resulting in difficulty with knee extension.

Question 3

A common pathology of the CNS characterized by issues with production,absorption,or flow of cerebrospinal fluid is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocephalus is a condition that occurs when there is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, which can be caused by issues with its production, absorption, or flow. Autonomic dysreflexia is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system overreacts to stimuli, often related to spinal cord injury. Spina bifida is a congenital condition in which the neural tube does not close properly during fetal development. Brown-Séquard's syndrome is a rare neurological condition caused by damage to one side of the spinal cord.

Question 4

The innermost layer of the protective membrane that contains the blood vessels to the brain is the

Accepted Answer

The pia mater is the innermost layer of the protective membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is a thin, delicate layer that adheres directly to the surface of the brain and spinal cord and contains the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the neurons. The dura mater is the outermost layer, while the subarachnoid mater is the middle layer that contains cerebrospinal fluid. There is no such thing as ventricular mater.

Question 5

At which level of the spinal column is damage to the spinal cord no longer a concern?

Accepted Answer

Damage to the spinal cord may result in paralysis or loss of function in areas below the level of injury. The higher the level of injury, the greater the paralysis or loss of function. At the level of L1, the spinal cord ends and gives rise to the cauda equina, a bundle of nerves that continue down the spinal column. Therefore, damage to the spinal cord below this level (e.g. at L2, L3, etc.) will affect the cauda equina and may cause symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness, but it will not result in paralysis or loss of function.

Question 6

A person experiencing "ape hand" has damage to which of the following nerves?

Accepted Answer

Ape hand is a deformity where the hand loses the ability to oppose the thumb due to damage to the median nerve, which supplies the muscles that control thumb movement. The radial, femoral, and common peroneal nerves do not innervate the muscles involved in thumb movement.

Question 7

The nerve plexus formed by the rami of C5 through T1 is called the

Accepted Answer

The brachial plexus is formed by the rami of spinal nerves C5 through T1 and serves the upper limb. The cervical plexus is formed by the rami of spinal nerves C1 through C4 and innervates the neck and parts of the head. The thoracic plexus is formed by the rami of spinal nerves T1 through T12 and innervates the chest muscles and abdominal wall. The lumbosacral plexus is formed by the rami of spinal nerves L1 through S4 and serves the lower limb.

Question 8

A person with "wrist drop" has damage to which of the following nerves?

Accepted Answer

Wrist drop is a condition in which the wrist is chronically flexed due to the inability to extend the wrist and fingers. This is caused by damage to the radial nerve, which controls the muscles responsible for wrist extension. The other nerves listed do not have a direct effect on wrist movement.

Question 9

Sensory impulses from the peripheral nervous system (PNS)enter the cord through the anterior horn.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Accepted Answer

Sensory impulses from the PNS enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root ganglion, not the anterior horn. The anterior horn is involved in motor impulses from the brain to the PNS.

Question 10

A common pathology of the PNS characterized by weakness of the long thoracic nerve is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Scapular winging is a common pathology of the PNS that is characterized by weakness of the long thoracic nerve. This nerve innervates the serratus anterior muscle, which plays a crucial role in stabilizing the scapula during arm movements. When the long thoracic nerve is damaged or compressed, the serratus anterior muscle is weakened, leading to scapular winging. Thoracic outlet syndrome affects the brachial plexus, which is a network of nerves that originates in the neck and supplies the arm. Bell's palsy affects the facial nerve, which controls the muscles of facial expression. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a compression neuropathy of the median nerve as it passes through the wrist.

Question 11

The white fatty substance present in the central nervous system (CNS)and peripheral nervous system (PNS)that serves to increase the speed of impulse conduction is called

Accepted Answer

The fatty substance present in the CNS and PNS that increases the speed of impulse conduction is called myelin.

Question 12

A person experiencing "foot drop" has damage to which of the following nerves?

Accepted Answer

Foot drop is a condition in which the foot is unable to lift from the ankle and toes drag on the ground when walking. It is most commonly caused by damage to the common peroneal nerve, which controls the muscles responsible for lifting the foot.

Quiz 6: Nervous System