Question 1

Which is the best instruction to most effectively stretch the left sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Accepted Answer

To stretch the left sternocleidomastoid muscle effectively, one should flex and laterally bend the neck to the opposite side (right) and rotate the head to the same side as the muscle being stretched (left). This position elongates the muscle by increasing the distance between its two attachment points.

Question 2

Which muscle originates on the transverse processes of the cervical vertebra and inserts on the first and second ribs?

Accepted Answer

The scalene muscles, specifically the anterior and middle scalene, originate on the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae and insert on the first and second ribs. The sternocleidomastoid muscle originates on the sternum and clavicle and inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The splenius capitis muscle originates on the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae and inserts on the occipital bone. The splenius cervicis muscle originates on the spinous processes of the upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae and inserts on the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae.

Question 3

Which muscle originates on the transverse process of a vertebra and inserts on the spinous process of the vertebra above?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

The trunk muscle whose primary function is compression of abdominal contents is the

Accepted Answer

The transverse abdominis is the muscle responsible for compression of the abdominal contents. This muscle sits deep to the other abdominal muscles and is the main muscle involved in maintaining core stability. The rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles all have other primary functions including flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion of the torso.

Question 5

Having a client bend the hips and knees to do sit-ups for abdominal strengthening instead of keeping the legs straight serves what purpose?

Accepted Answer

Bending the hips and knees during sit-ups makes the hip flexors actively insufficient because their range of motion is reduced, requiring the abdominal muscles to work harder to lift the trunk. This is desirable for abdominal strengthening.

Question 6

Which is the best position and instruction for a scoliosis client to strengthen lateral benders of the right side of the trunk?

Accepted Answer

Side-lying over an exercise ball, laterally bending to the right is the best position and instruction for a scoliosis client to strengthen lateral benders of the right side of the trunk. This position allows the client to work against gravity while also using the stability and support of the exercise ball. The lateral bend to the right targets the specific muscles on the right side of the trunk that need strengthening in cases of scoliosis.

Question 7

The posteriorly located muscles that primarily serve to extend,laterally bend,and rotate the head are called the

Accepted Answer

The suboccipital muscles are a group of small muscles located posteriorly at the base of the skull. They primarily serve to extend, laterally bend, and rotate the head. The erector spinae muscles are located along the entire length of the spine and primarily serve to maintain posture and generate spinal extension. The hyoid muscles are located in the neck and serve to move the hyoid bone and assist with swallowing. The prevertebral muscles are located deep in the neck and serve to flex the neck and assist with swallowing.

Question 8

Which cervical muscle,when contracted unilaterally,rotates the head to the opposite side?

Accepted Answer

The sternocleidomastoid muscle, when contracted unilaterally, rotates the head to the opposite side. This muscle is situated on each side of the neck and extends from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

Question 9

The muscle of the cervical spine that is innervated by cranial nerve XI is the

Accepted Answer

The muscle of the cervical spine that is innervated by cranial nerve XI is the sternocleidomastoid. The scalene muscles are innervated by the cervical spinal nerves, while the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis muscles are innervated by the cervical spinal nerves and dorsal rami.

Question 10

The quadratus lumborum is a prime mover in which of the following trunk motions?

Accepted Answer

The quadratus lumborum is a prime mover in lateral bending of the trunk. It contracts on one side to tilt the trunk laterally, and eccentrically controls trunk lateral flexion on the opposite side. It is not a prime mover in trunk flexion, compression of abdominal contents or trunk extension.

Question 11

The facet joints of the lumbar spine primarily run in which plane to allow good spinal flexion and extension?

Accepted Answer

The facet joints of the lumbar spine primarily run in the sagittal plane to allow good spinal flexion and extension. The frontal plane refers to lateral bending and the transverse plane refers to rotational movement, which are not the primary functions of the lumbar facet joints.

Question 12

The bony landmark of the vertebra that makes up the anterior portion of the neural arch is called the

Accepted Answer

The bony landmark of the vertebra that makes up the anterior portion of the neural arch is called the pedicle. The lamina makes up the posterior portion of the neural arch, the vertebral foramen is the opening in the center of the vertebra for the spinal cord, and the spinous process is the posterior projection from the vertebra.

Question 13

The erector spinae are prime movers in which of the following motions?

Accepted Answer

The erector spinae muscles are primarily responsible for the extension of the vertebral column and also assist in lateral bending movements.

Question 14

The trunk muscle that originates on the pubis and inserts on the costal cartilages of the fifth,sixth,and seventh ribs is the

Accepted Answer

The rectus abdominis muscle originates on the pubis and inserts on the costal cartilages of the fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs, making it responsible for flexing the lumbar spine and compressing abdominal contents.

Question 15

All of the following muscles,when contracted unilaterally,will produce lateral bend of the spine EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

The rectus abdominis muscle does not contribute to lateral bend of the spine. It is a vertical abdominal muscle that is responsible for flexion of the trunk. The intertransversarii, scalene, and external oblique muscles all contribute to lateral bend of the spine when contracted unilaterally.

Question 16

The muscle that originates on the iliac crest and inserts on the 12th rib and transverse processes of T12 to L5 is the

Accepted Answer

The quadratus lumborum muscle originates on the iliac crest and inserts on the 12th rib and transverse processes of T12 to L5. The other options either originate from different locations or insert into different structures.

Question 17

When you instruct a client in a "chin tuck" exercise,which of the following is occurring with the head muscles?

Accepted Answer

Chin tuck exercises primarily involve the action of tucking the chin towards the chest, which strengthens the muscles that flex the head (head flexors) and stretches the muscles that extend the head (head extensors).

Question 18

The spinal ligament that runs posteriorly along the vertebral bodies inside the vertebral foramen is called the

Accepted Answer

The ligament that runs posteriorly along the vertebral bodies inside the vertebral foramen is known as the posterior longitudinal ligament. The other options either run along different parts of the vertebrae or do not run posteriorly inside the vertebral foramen.

Question 19

The muscle that originates on the spinous processes of T3 through T6 and inserts on the transverse processes of C1 through C3 is the

Accepted Answer

The muscle described is the splenius cervicis, which originates on the spinous processes of T3 through T6 and inserts on the transverse processes of C1 through C3. The scalene muscle originates on the cervical vertebrae and inserts on the first and second ribs. The sternocleidomastoid muscle originates on the sternum and clavicle and inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The clavicular portion of the pectoralis major originates on the sternum and clavicle and inserts on the humerus.

Question 20

Which of the following is the best position to achieve eccentric strengthening of the trunk extensors?

Accepted Answer

Eccentric strengthening involves lengthening the muscle under tension. In the case of the trunk extensors, this is best achieved in a prone position (lying face down) by focusing on the "down" part of the exercise, where the muscles lengthen while controlling the descent of the head and shoulders back to the starting position.

Quiz 15: Neck and Trunk