Question 1

Which of the following areas are probably involved with the planning of voluntary movement?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following areas are probably...

Question 2

Neurons controlling voluntary movement of the head are located in the

Accepted Answer

The ventral portions of the primary motor cortex are responsible for controlling voluntary movements of the head, face, and neck.

Question 3

Primary motor cortex is located in the _________ gyrus of the _________ lobe.

Accepted Answer

The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.

Question 4

Justin is a medical student.Compared with carrying out a simple movement like tapping his foot,performing precise and complicated movements during surgery will require Justin to make greater use of his

Accepted Answer

The answer of Justin is a medical student.Compared with carrying...

Question 5

In humans,which of the following body parts probably has the greatest corresponding area of primary motor cortex?

Accepted Answer

The lips have a very high level of dexterity and require precise motor control for speech and facial expressions, indicating a larger corresponding area of the primary motor cortex. The size of the corresponding areas of the primary motor cortex is proportional to the level of dexterity and fine motor control in that body part.

Question 6

Abnormal activity in the basal ganglia has been implicated in

Accepted Answer

Abnormal activity in the basal ganglia has been specifically linked to Huntington's disease. This disease affects the basal ganglia, leading to involuntary movements, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms. It is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the production of a protein called huntingtin.

Question 7

Your friend was in an accident,and although his intelligence and personality are unchanged,he is no longer able to play his guitar,nor is he the coordinated athlete he once was.His symptoms may be the result of damage to which of the following areas?

Accepted Answer

Damage to the cerebellum can result in difficulty with coordination and motor control, which could impact his ability to play the guitar and perform athletic activities. The other areas listed (frontal lobes, occipital lobes, hippocampus) are not as directly related to these abilities.

Question 8

The sequencing of complex movements is managed by the

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sequencing of complex movements is managed...

Question 9

The fact that symptoms of Huntington's disease include the inability to control voluntary movements makes sense because the major damage from Huntington's seems to be in the:

Accepted Answer

The basal ganglia plays a major role in the initiation and control of fine motor movements, so damage to this area would result in the inability to control voluntary movements, as is seen in Huntington's disease.

Question 10

Activity in the basal ganglia is lower than normal in cases of

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is characterized by a loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, which is part of the basal ganglia. This leads to a decrease in activity in the basal ganglia, resulting in the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, such as tremors and difficulty with movement. Alzheimer's and muscular dystrophy do not primarily affect the basal ganglia, and Huntington's disease causes excessive activity in the basal ganglia.

Question 11

The reason the homunculus for the motor cortex is shaped the way it is (huge tongue,large hands)is that

Accepted Answer

The size of each body part in the homunculus drawing represents the amount of cortex devoted to that body part. Therefore, the larger the body part in the drawing, the more cortex is devoted to it. The homunculus is not drawn to scale and is not an exact representation of the body.

Question 12

One of the actions of the basal ganglia is the

Accepted Answer

The basal ganglia primarily function to inhibit the thalamus, which helps regulate movement and prevent excessive or unwanted movements.

Question 13

According to PET scans,which of the following areas are the first to show activity when a voluntary movement is initiated?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to PET scans,which of the following...

Question 14

Which of the following structures is part of the basal ganglia?

Accepted Answer

The putamen is part of the basal ganglia, which is a group of nuclei in the brain involved in motor control and learning. The red nucleus is part of the midbrain and is involved in motor coordination. The cerebellum is a separate structure in the brain involved in motor coordination and balance. The reticular formation is a network of nerve cells in the brainstem involved in arousal and attention.

Question 15

Alcohol exerts a negative effect on motor coordination particularly through its action on the

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is the brain region primarily responsible for coordinating movement and balance, and alcohol has been shown to disrupt cerebellar function, leading to impaired motor coordination.

Question 16

The pre-SMA and the SMA (supplementary motor area)receive substantial direct input from the

Accepted Answer

The pre-SMA and SMA receive substantial direct input from the thalamus, which relays information from other brain regions, including the basal ganglia and cerebellum.

Question 17

In addition to its involvement with motor disorders,which of the following structures has been implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

Accepted Answer

The basal ganglia has been implicated in both obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The dysfunction in the basal ganglia can result in repetitive behaviors seen in OCD and difficulties with inhibiting impulses seen in ADHD. The cerebellum is primarily involved in motor coordination, while the thalamus is responsible for relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex. The red nucleus is mainly involved in motor control of the upper limbs.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the ventromedial motor pathways?

Accepted Answer

The rubrospinal tract is part of the lateral motor system, not the ventromedial pathways. The ventromedial pathways include the reticulospinal, tectospinal, and vestibulospinal tracts, which are involved in posture and gait control.

Question 19

You are going home one night when you drive through a sobriety checkpoint.The policeman asks you to get out of the car,holds one finger up in front of your face,and asks you to follow his finger with your eyes only.What is he doing?

Accepted Answer

The policeman is checking to see if your cerebellum is functioning properly because the cerebellum is one of the first areas to be affected by alcohol. This test is called the horizontal gaze nystagmus test, and it is used to detect impairment from alcohol or drugs. The officer is looking for an involuntary jerking of the eye, which can indicate impairment.

Question 20

The medullary reticulospinal tract originates in the

Accepted Answer

The medullary reticulospinal tract originates in the reticular formation of the medulla.

Quiz 8: Movement