Question 1

In which structure is the arbor vitae found?

Accepted Answer

The arbor vitae is a distinctive tree-like pattern of white matter within the cerebellum.

Question 2

What is the largest part of the hindbrain?

Accepted Answer

The largest part of the hindbrain is the cerebellum, which is located at the back of the brain and is involved in balance, coordination, and fine motor control.

Question 3

Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in which structure?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for motor coordination and balance. Lesions in this area can cause ataxia (loss of coordination and balance).

Question 4

From superficial to deep,the meninges occur in which order?

Accepted Answer

The correct order of the meninges from superficial to deep is: dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.

Question 5

Which of the following structures appears as a large bulge just rostral to the medulla?

Accepted Answer

The structure that appears as a large bulge just rostral to the medulla is the Pons.

Question 6

Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in which region of the brain?

Accepted Answer

The thalamus is the region of the brain where nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses. It acts as a relay station for sensory information and plays a critical role in processing and transmitting this information to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex.

Question 7

The blood-brain barrier (BBB)is most permeable to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The BBB is selective and allows only certain substances through. Glucose and oxygen are two of the substances that can pass through the BBB because they are essential nutrients for the brain.

Question 8

Degeneration of the neurons in which of the following structures leads to the muscle tremors associated with Parkinson disease?

Accepted Answer

The substantia nigra is a region located in the midbrain that supplies dopamine to the basal ganglia, which is involved in controlling movement. In Parkinson's disease, there is a degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to a deficiency of dopamine in the basal ganglia and resulting in muscle tremors and other movement disorders.

Question 9

The __________ function(s)in visual attention,such as to look and follow the flight of a butterfly.

Accepted Answer

The superior colliculi are responsible for visual attention, including the ability to detect and follow moving objects such as butterflies. The inferior colliculi are primarily involved in auditory processing, while the tegmentum, red nucleus, and substantia nigra are more closely associated with motor control.

Question 10

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by choroid plexuses in the __________ ventricles and reabsorbed by arachnoid villi in the __________.

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the choroid plexuses, which are located in the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles of the brain. The CSF is then reabsorbed by structures called arachnoid villi, which are located in the superior sagittal sinus. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 11

Which of the following is not associated with the pons?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not associated...

Question 12

There are no cranial nerves associated with which part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are no cranial nerves associated with...

Question 13

Which of the following is not a function of CSF?

Accepted Answer

CSF does not provide oxygen and nutrients to the nervous tissue, as that is the role of the blood supply to the brain. CSF primarily serves to protect the brain from injury, regulate its chemical environment, and provide mechanical support that enables the brain to float within the skull without being impeded by its weight. Additionally, CSF helps to remove waste products and excess neurotransmitters from the brain, which are then carried away by the circulatory system.

Question 14

The thalamus,hypothalamus,and epithalamus are derivatives of which embryonic structure?

Accepted Answer

The diencephalon is the embryonic structure that gives rise to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

Question 15

The medulla oblongata originates from which structure?

Accepted Answer

The medulla oblongata is located in the hindbrain and is the most caudal part of the brainstem. It develops from the embryonic structure known as the myelencephalon.

Question 16

Where are the cardiac,vasomotor,and respiratory centers found?

Accepted Answer

The cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers are all located in the medulla oblongata, which is the lower part of the brainstem that connects to the spinal cord. The medulla oblongata is responsible for controlling many vital functions of the body, including respiration, blood pressure regulation, and heart rate.

Question 17

A patient is experiencing a high fever,stiff neck,drowsiness,and intense headaches.A spinal tap showed bacteria and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).This individual most likely has what condition?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headaches along with bacteria and white blood cells in the CSF suggest an infection causing inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, known as meningitis. Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are neurodegenerative conditions that do not present with these symptoms. Hydrocephalus involves an accumulation of CSF in the brain and may present with headaches, but not with a high fever or stiff neck. A stroke involves decreased blood flow to the brain, which can cause a variety of symptoms depending on the location and severity of the event, but it does not typically present with the combination of symptoms described above.

Question 18

The reticular formation is a web of __________ scattered throughout the __________.

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation is a network of gray matter nuclei and nerve fibers scattered throughout the brainstem.

Question 19

Which structures create the blood brain barrier (BBB)?

Accepted Answer

The BBB is created by tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the walls of the capillaries in the brain. These tight junctions prevent the passage of certain molecules and substances from the blood into the brain tissue, protecting the brain from potential harm.

Question 20

Which structure forms the floor and part of the walls of the third ventricle?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus forms the floor and part of the walls of the third ventricle in the brain, playing a crucial role in many important functions, including releasing hormones and regulating body temperature.

Quiz 14: The Brain and Cranial Nerves