Question 1

Which of the following is one of the goals promoted in training programs for therapeutic lifestyle change?

Accepted Answer

Training programs for therapeutic lifestyle change typically promote anti-rumination as one of their goals. This involves teaching individuals how to manage their negative thoughts and emotions in a constructive way, rather than getting stuck in a cycle of rumination that can exacerbate psychological distress. The other choices (long-term potentiation, deep-brain stimulation, neurogenesis) are all related to neuroscience and brain function, but they are not typically targeted in lifestyle change programs.

Question 2

Antidepressant drugs,a fresh perspective on his problems,and a strong therapeutic alliance all contributed to helping David recover from major depressive disorder.An integrated understanding of David's recovery process is best provided by

Accepted Answer

An integrated understanding of David's recovery process would require considering biological, psychological, and social factors, which aligns with a biopsychosocial approach. The other options are not as comprehensive in their explanations of the recovery process.

Question 3

Deep-brain stimulation is a form of

Accepted Answer

Deep-brain stimulation involves the use of electrodes surgically implanted into specific areas of the brain to help regulate abnormal patterns of neural activity. This is a form of biomedical therapy, as it uses technology and medical intervention to treat mental health conditions.

Question 4

People whose life history includes some adversity often come to enjoy better mental health and well-being than those who have never faced any significant adversity.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic growth refers to the idea that individuals who have experienced adversity or trauma may actually experience positive growth and development as a result. This can include increased resilience, greater appreciation for life, and a sense of personal strength and growth. Research has consistently demonstrated this phenomenon, suggesting that experiencing adversity can actually lead to improved mental health and well-being in the long term.

Question 5

Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to alleviate the conditions that cause child abuse and illiteracy in society?

Accepted Answer

Preventive mental health focuses on addressing the root causes of psychological disorders before they occur, such as by reducing child abuse and improving education. Biomedical therapy, psychopharmacology, and psychosurgery are interventions used to treat existing psychological disorders, rather than prevent them.

Question 6

Cancer survivors who develop a fresh delight in their children and who begin to savor the joy of each new day best illustrate

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic growth refers to positive psychological changes that can occur after a person experiences trauma or adversity, such as surviving cancer. This can include a newfound appreciation for life and relationships, and a greater sense of purpose and resilience. The example given of cancer survivors experiencing a renewed joy in their children and each day is a clear illustration of posttraumatic growth. The other answer options are not relevant to this concept.

Question 7

Aerobic exercise,adequate sleep,light exposure,and social engagement are important components of

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, and social engagement are all components of therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC). TLC involves making positive changes to certain lifestyle habits in order to improve mental and physical health. It has been shown to be effective in treating depression and anxiety. Options A, B, and C are not related to these lifestyle habits.

Question 8

Although more research is needed,deep-brain stimulation shows some promise for the treatment of

Accepted Answer

Deep-brain stimulation has shown some promise in reducing addictive drug cravings, although more research is necessary before this treatment can be widely adopted. Studies have suggested that it may be effective for treating addiction to substances including alcohol, nicotine, and cocaine.

Question 9

Surgically cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain is called

Accepted Answer

Surgically cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain is called a lobotomy. Psychopharmacology involves the use of medication to treat mental health disorders, neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons, and ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) is a treatment that involves passing electrical currents through the brain to induce seizures, typically used in severe cases of depression.

Question 10

Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapists prioritize creating a safe, nonjudgmental environment where clients feel accepted and understood. This is achieved through practicing empathy, active listening, and reflecting an attitude of unconditional positive regard towards the client. The therapist does not interpret nonverbal behaviors or focus on constructing anxiety trigger lists, and while discouraging drug use may be important in some contexts, it is not a core feature of this approach.

Question 11

During her weekly therapy sessions,Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought.A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates

Accepted Answer

The abrupt shift in attention and loss of train of thought during therapy sessions suggest resistance. This is a defense mechanism whereby the patient unconsciously tries to block or resist certain thoughts or emotions that are causing anxiety or discomfort. A psychoanalyst would work with Sabrina to uncover these unconscious conflicts and help her work through them. Counterconditioning, progressive relaxation, and unconditional positive regard are not related to this specific behavior.

Question 12

Who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process. According to Freud, transference occurs when a client unconsciously transfers feelings and emotions from past relationships onto the therapist. This can provide valuable insights into the client's past experiences and can help the therapist better understand and address the client's current struggles.

Question 13

Though not performed today,lobotomies provide a historical example of

Accepted Answer

Lobotomy is a type of psychosurgery, which involves the surgical alteration of brain tissue to alleviate mental illness symptoms. Though it was an accepted treatment method in the past, it is no longer practiced due to the development of more effective and less invasive treatment options.

Question 14

Connie is a 20-year-old who is stressed by the financial challenges and heavy workload associated with being a full-time college student.Which of the following would most likely help her to avoid or minimize episodes of depression?

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic lifestyle change, such as regular exercise, healthy eating habits, and stress-reduction techniques, have been shown to help prevent and alleviate symptoms of depression. The other options (double-blind procedure, exposure therapy, and neurogenesis) are not directly relevant to helping avoid or minimize episodes of depression in this scenario.

Question 15

More than 9 in 10 New Yorkers,although stunned and grief-stricken by the 9/11 terrorist attack,did not have a dysfunctional stress reaction.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The fact that more than 9 in 10 New Yorkers did not have a dysfunctional stress reaction after the 9/11 terrorist attack suggests that they displayed resilience, or the capacity to adapt to adversity and maintain normal functioning despite stressors. A) Neurogenesis refers to the growth and development of new neurons; there is no evidence in the scenario to suggest that this process is relevant. B) Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements and is not relevant to the scenario. C) Psychopharmacology refers to the use of medication to treat mental illness and is not relevant to the scenario.

Question 16

Preventive mental health is based on the assumption that psychological disorders result from

Accepted Answer

Preventive mental health believes that psychological disorders arise from stressful social situations, which can be avoided or managed through early intervention and support. It does not focus on repressed impulses and conflicts, abnormal personality traits or long-term potentiation as the primary causes of mental health issues.

Question 17

Which biomedical therapy is administered via electrodes implanted in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Deep-brain stimulation involves the surgical implantation of electrodes in specific areas of the brain to modulate neural activity and is used to treat conditions such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and certain psychiatric disorders.

Question 18

Which of the following procedures has typically resulted in patients becoming permanently lethargic?

Accepted Answer

A lobotomy involves disconnecting the prefrontal cortex of the brain from the rest of the brain, which has historically resulted in patients becoming permanently lethargic and losing their personalities. Deep-brain stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation are all procedures that can have significant and potentially permanent effects on brain function, but they are not typically associated with lethargy as a common side effect.

Question 19

To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs,a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog.The therapist's technique best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The therapist's technique of encouraging Adam to physically relax and then imagine walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog is an example of systematic desensitization. This is a specific technique used in behavioral therapy to help individuals overcome their phobias or anxieties by gradually exposing them to the feared object or situation while teaching them relaxation techniques.

Question 20

Research and social action designed to create environments that support psychological health best defines the focus of

Accepted Answer

Community psychology focuses on research and social action to create environments that support psychological health. Psychiatry primarily deals with diagnosing and treating mental illnesses using medication and therapy. Psychopharmacology focuses on the effects of medication on the brain and behavior. Clinical psychology focuses on assessing and treating mental illnesses and psychological distress.

Quiz 15: Therapy