Question 1

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments.He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates.Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Brian's symptoms of interrupting, forgetfulness, and difficulty taking turns are consistent with the criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These symptoms may impact his academic and social functioning, which is often the case for individuals with ADHD.

Question 2

Among women,the stresses and demoralization of poverty are especially likely to precipitate

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women who live in poverty experience higher rates of depression and anxiety than women who do not. Poverty can create a sense of hopelessness and feelings of failure, which can lead to the development of depression.

Question 3

David Rosenhan and his fellow researchers were admitted as patients into various hospitals after they falsely complained of auditory hallucinations.After hospital clinicians analyzed these patients' quite normal life histories

Accepted Answer

After analyzing the patients' life histories, the clinicians identified specific dynamics that could contribute to a psychological disorder, which suggests that the patients were not immediately dismissed as normal, but rather given a psychological evaluation. Therefore, the best choice is D. The other options are not supported by the information in the passage.

Question 4

Which of the following psychological disorder(s)was reported by the most people in the United States in 2008?

Accepted Answer

According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, depressive disorders were reported by the most people in the United States in 2008.

Question 5

The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of

Accepted Answer

Diagnostic labels provide a common language and set of criteria for mental health professionals to communicate about their patients' symptoms and diagnoses. This helps ensure accurate and efficient communication and treatment planning. The other options (field studies, medical model, biopsychosocial approach) are all theoretical frameworks or research methods, but do not specifically address communication among mental health professionals.

Question 6

The mass-killing shooters have several things in common,including that they tend to

Accepted Answer

The majority of mass-killing shooters are young males. Research has shown that this demographic is the most likely to engage in violent behavior. While some do have psychological disorders, this is not true for all mass shooters.

Question 7

Which of the following disorders most often coexists with a learning disorder or with defiant and temper-prone behavior?

Accepted Answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often coexists with learning disorders and with defiant and temper-prone behavior. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and it often leads to academic and social difficulties.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about people with psychological disorders is true?

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have actually found that people with a major mental illness are less violent than those without a psychological disorder. This is a common misconception and stigma associated with people with mental illness. Portrayals in media and popular culture can contribute to this misconception. However, it is important to recognize that individuals with mental illness can still experience discrimination and stigma in various areas of life.

Question 9

The vast majority of violent crimes are committed by those with

Accepted Answer

The majority of violent crimes are committed by individuals with no diagnosed psychological disorder. While some disorders such as antisocial personality disorder may increase the risk of violence, it is not true for the majority of violent crimes. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 10

Mexican-Americans born in the United States are at greater risk of mental disorder than people who have recently immigrated from Mexico to the United States.This provides an example of

Accepted Answer

The immigrant paradox refers to the phenomenon where immigrants to the United States have better mental health outcomes than their American-born counterparts. This example of Mexican-Americans born in the U.S. having a higher risk of mental disorder than recent Mexican immigrants supports the existence of the immigrant paradox.

Question 11

Although Adderall is a ________ drug,it is commonly used in the treatment of ________.

Accepted Answer

Adderall is a stimulant drug and is commonly used in the treatment of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). It helps to increase focus, improve attention and reduce impulsivity in people with ADHD. It is not used in the treatment of PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) as it is not effective in reducing symptoms associated with PTSD.

Question 12

Larry has difficulty organizing his daily schedule of work responsibilities.He often makes careless mistakes or fails to complete his work because he is easily distracted.Larry's behavior is most characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Larry's symptoms of being easily distracted and making careless mistakes are common in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This disorder is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can interfere with an individual's ability to effectively organize and complete tasks. The other options do not fit with Larry's symptoms.

Question 13

After conducting 90-minute interviews of 60,463 people,the World Health Organization estimated the number of prior-year mental disorders in 20 countries.Which country had the highest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

According to the study conducted by the World Health Organization, the United States had the highest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders out of the 20 countries surveyed.

Question 14

Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of

Accepted Answer

Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of an anxiety disorder. While survivor resiliency and natural selection may involve adaptation, maladaptive behaviors typically show an impaired ability to cope with stress or anxiety. Epigenetics may play a role in anxiety disorders but are not directly related to maladaptive behaviors.

Question 15

Inattention,hyperactivity,and impulsivity are major symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are the three main symptoms of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). These symptoms can cause difficulty in focusing, completing tasks, and controlling behavior, which can impact academic and social functioning. OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) and PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) have different symptoms, such as obsessions and compulsions in OCD and flashbacks and nightmares in PTSD. DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) is a handbook used by mental health professionals to diagnose and classify mental disorders, and not a disorder itself.

Question 16

When children are told that certain classmates have learning disabilities,they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of those students in the classroom.This best illustrates that labeling

Accepted Answer

Labeling can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies, where expectations about a person lead to behavior that causes those expectations to come true. In this case, labeling students as having learning disabilities may lead to behaviors from their peers that inhibit the labeled students' success, fulfilling the negative expectations associated with the label.

Question 17

After George learned that Mrs.Min suffered from schizophrenia,he mistakenly concluded that her tendencies to laugh easily and smile frequently were symptoms of her disorder.This best illustrates the

Accepted Answer

This scenario demonstrates the biasing power of diagnostic labels, as George made an incorrect assumption about Mrs. Min's behavior based solely on the label of schizophrenia. He assumed that her laughing and smiling were symptoms of the disorder, when in fact they could have been completely unrelated. This highlights the potential for diagnostic labels to influence our perceptions and assumptions about individuals, without necessarily being accurate or reflective of their actual experiences.

Question 18

The incidence of serious psychological disorders has been doubly high among

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals below the poverty line have a higher incidence of serious psychological disorders compared to those above the poverty line. The stressors of poverty, such as financial insecurity, lack of resources, and limited access to healthcare, can contribute to the development of mental health issues. Factors such as gender and family history can also play a role, but the evidence suggests that poverty is a stronger predictor.

Question 19

A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often

Accepted Answer

Diagnostic labeling can lead to bias in perceptions and attitudes towards the labeled person, which can worsen their social and psychological well-being. This is because the label can become the dominant aspect of their identity and be used to generalize and stigmatize them.

Question 20

ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls than in boys.A 2013 study indicated that ________ percent of 4- to 17-year-olds receive the diagnosis after displaying key symptoms.

Accepted Answer

ADHD is diagnosed less often in girls than in boys, reflecting differences in recognition and diagnosis patterns. A 2013 study indicated that approximately 11 percent of 4- to 17-year-olds receive the ADHD diagnosis after displaying key symptoms, highlighting the prevalence of the condition among children and adolescents.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders