Question 1

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?

Accepted Answer

Barbiturates (e.g. phenobarbital) are a type of central nervous system depressant that decrease nervous system activity and promote relaxation, making them most commonly prescribed as tranquilizers. Amphetamines, hallucinogens, and opiates have stimulating or psychoactive effects and are not used as tranquilizers.

Question 2

A rewarding consequence of cigarette smoking is that it reduces

Accepted Answer

Nicotine in cigarette smoke acts as a painkiller, reducing sensitivity to pain. However, it is important to note that this is a short-term and harmful consequence of smoking.

Question 3

When Muhammed first gave up his smoking habit,he experienced a restlessness and distractibility that made it very difficult to focus on his work or the needs of his family.Muhammed was most clearly experiencing symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Muhammed's symptoms are typical of withdrawal, which is the set of symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance to which they have become addicted. Restlessness and distractibility are common physical and psychological symptoms of withdrawal from nicotine, the addictive substance in cigarettes.

Question 4

By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine,________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite.

Accepted Answer

Nicotine triggers the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase alertness and decrease appetite. Alcohol, heroin, and ghrelin do not have these effects.

Question 5

Amphetamines are classified as ________ and barbiturates are classified as ________.

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines are stimulants, while barbiturates are depressants.

Question 6

Morphine and heroin are

Accepted Answer

Morphine and heroin are opiates.

Question 7

After two years of regularly smoking cigarettes,Lynette is preparing to quit.Which of the following symptoms of nicotine withdrawal is she most likely to experience when she first discontinues smoking?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety is the most common symptom of nicotine withdrawal which Lynette is likely to experience when she first discontinues smoking.

Question 8

When cocaine is injected or smoked,it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes.But the stimulant drug ________ can trigger 8 hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria.

Accepted Answer

Only methamphetamine, also known as meth or crystal meth, is a stimulant drug that can produce a prolonged high of up to 8 hours. LSD is a hallucinogenic drug, heroin is an opioid drug, and Amytal is a barbiturate drug used as a sedative.

Question 9

When cocaine is snorted,injected,or smoked,it produces a rush of euphoria by

Accepted Answer

Cocaine works by blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters, primarily dopamine, which leads to an accumulation of dopamine in the synapse and a feeling of euphoria. This mechanism of action is what makes cocaine highly addictive as the brain adapts to the excess of dopamine and eventually requires higher doses of cocaine to feel the same level of euphoria.

Question 10

Francois was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field.Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines are stimulant drugs that can enhance endurance and performance on the playing field. Morphine derivatives and barbiturates are more likely to have a sedative effect that would impair performance, while marijuana may have a relaxing effect that could also hinder performance.

Question 11

When deprived of nicotine,smokers experience

Accepted Answer

When smokers are deprived of nicotine, they can experience symptoms of withdrawal, including distractibility, irritability, anxiety, and lack of focus. Hallucinations, heightened levels of dopamine or endorphins are not commonly associated with nicotine withdrawal.

Question 12

Zachary experienced a surge of energy and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria that lasted less than an hour after taking a drug that blocked the reuptake of dopamine,norepinephrine,and serotonin.The drug he used was most likely

Accepted Answer

The drug that Zachary used is most likely cocaine, which blocks the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Heroin and marijuana do not have the same mechanism of action, while LSD primarily affects serotonin receptors but does not block reuptake.

Question 13

Stimulants ________ appetite and ________ self-confidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stimulants ________ appetite and ________ self-confidence.
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Question 14

Cocaine is classified as a(n)

Accepted Answer

Cocaine is a stimulant drug, which means it increases activity in the central nervous system, resulting in increased heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness.

Question 15

Which synthetic opiate is sometimes prescribed as a substitute for heroin?

Accepted Answer

Methadone is a synthetic opiate that is sometimes prescribed as a substitute for heroin in medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction. It can help to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms, and is often used as part of a comprehensive treatment approach that includes counseling and behavioral therapies. Methamphetamine, melatonin, and THC are not used as substitutes for heroin.

Question 16

The use of barbiturates ________ anxiety and ________ nervous system activity.

Accepted Answer

Barbiturates decrease anxiety and also decrease nervous system activity by depressing the central nervous system. This can result in sedation, relaxation, and anesthesia.

Question 17

Repeated use of an opiate

Accepted Answer

Repeated use of opiates can cause the brain to decrease its natural production of endorphins, which are the body's natural painkillers. This can lead to the individual becoming dependent on opiates to feel good or alleviate pain, and can cause withdrawal symptoms if they try to stop using the drug.

Question 18

Suspiciousness,convulsions,and cardiac arrest are aversive reactions most closely associate with the use of

Accepted Answer

Cocaine use can lead to severe adverse reactions such as suspiciousness, convulsions, and cardiac arrest.

Question 19

University men were shown an erotic movie clip.Compared with those who thought they had recently consumed a nonalcoholic beverage,men who believed they had recently consumed an alcoholic beverage were

Accepted Answer

The question states that the men were shown an erotic movie clip and compared to those who believed they had consumed a nonalcoholic beverage, the men who believed they had consumed an alcoholic beverage were "more likely to report strong sexual fantasies." This suggests that alcohol consumption may have heightened their sexual arousal. However, the question also states that the men who drank alcohol were "less likely to report feelings of guilt." This is likely due to the disinhibiting effects of alcohol, which may make individuals less likely to feel guilty about their actions.

Question 20

Experimental participants who consumed alcohol rather than a placebo beverage were less likely to notice that their minds were wandering during a reading task.This best illustrates that alcohol reduces

Accepted Answer

The fact that alcohol consumption reduces the ability of participants to notice their minds wandering during a task suggests that it reduces self-awareness.

Quiz 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind