Question 1

Whereas most archaeologists have traditionally found employment in universities or museums, many are now working as applied archaeologists specializing in what is known as:

Accepted Answer

Cultural resource management involves the survey, evaluation, and mitigation of archaeological sites and artifacts for development projects, government agencies, and private companies. This is a growing field that employs many archaeologists outside of traditional academic and museum settings.

Question 2

Which of the following is a way to resolve the philosophical and moral dilemmas posed by a strict adherence to the doctrine of ethical relativism?

Accepted Answer

Ethical relativism asserts that moral standards are culturally defined and vary from society to society. However, many people find it problematic that there may be no objective way to determine whether a particular cultural practice or belief is right or wrong. To resolve this dilemma, one option is to identify a universal standard of ethics that transcends cultural boundaries. One such standard could be the protection of individuals from bodily harm. This would provide a framework for evaluating cultural practices and beliefs that violate this standard, regardless of cultural context.

Question 3

An applied anthropologist, rather than just providing data about a culture to an organization or government, who engages in the actual development of policy is performing the role of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of An applied anthropologist, rather than just providing...

Question 4

A social-impact study conducted by Thayer Scudder and Elizabeth Colson in Zambia found that:

Accepted Answer

The social-impact study conducted in Zambia found that the forced relocation of the rural community would create extreme stress and result in people clinging to familiar traditions and institutions during the change.

Question 5

Anthropologist Robert Redfield has suggested that there are general standards of judgment that can be applied to most societies.

Accepted Answer

Anthropologist Robert Redfield argued that there are general standards of judgment that can be applied to most societies. He believed that these standards include criteria related to the organization of society, economic arrangements, beliefs, values, and attitudes towards nature and humanity. This position is known as the "standards of judgment" approach to cross-cultural analysis.

Question 6

Sometimes, applied anthropologists become engaged in policy development. This type of applied anthropology occurred when Allan Holmberg of Cornell University became the new patron to a group of Peruvian Indians who lived on a hacienda. This undertaking was called the:

Accepted Answer

The undertaking in which Allan Holmberg of Cornell University became the new patron to a group of Peruvian Indians who lived on a hacienda was called the Vicos Project. This project involved the application of anthropological knowledge to help the indigenous people of Vicos gain resources, legal rights, and a better standard of living.

Question 7

In order to tolerate practices such as racism, child abuse, spouse abuse, homicide, torture, human sacrifice, and the mass murder (genocide) of Jews, Gypsies, and homosexuals by the Nazis, one would have to abide strictly by the principle of:

Accepted Answer

Ethical relativism holds that moral values are relative to a particular culture, time, or society. Therefore, individuals who adhere to this principle would accept the above-mentioned abhorrent practices as acceptable in certain cultures or contexts. This view is problematic as it fails to account for objective moral principles and can justify any action as long as it fits within a particular culture's practices.

Question 8

The anthropologist who studied heroin addicts in U.S. society is:

Accepted Answer

The anthropologist who studied heroin addicts in U.S. society is Michael Agar. He conducted fieldwork in the 1970s and published a book titled "The Professional Stranger: An Informal Introduction to Ethnography" which included his research on heroin addiction. Margaret Mead is known for her work on cultural anthropology, Clifford Geertz is known for his work on symbolic anthropology, and Louis Leakey is known for his work on paleoanthropology.

Question 9

Cultural and applied anthropologists have a role in helping to define universal standards for human rights in all societies.

Accepted Answer

Cultural and applied anthropologists study and analyze the cultural and social factors that shape human behavior, including attitudes towards human rights. They can use their expertise to contribute to the development of universal standards for human rights that are relevant and respectful of different cultural contexts. Therefore, it is true that cultural and applied anthropologists have a role in helping to define universal standards for human rights in all societies.

Question 10

Private agencies and governments often employ anthropologists to provide them with an indication of the possible consequences of planned change they are about to implement. This is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A social-impact study is a common practice adopted by private agencies and governments to assess the possible effects of their planned changes. Anthropologists, being experts in the study of societies and cultures, are often hired to conduct these studies and provide insights into how proposed changes may affect the social fabric of the society. The study looks at factors such as economic, environmental, and cultural impacts that the change may have on the society.

Question 11

Early twentieth century anthropologists argued that since there are no universal moral values, each society's values are valid with respect to the specific circumstances and conditions of that society. Hence, no society can claim to be in a superior position in regard to morals or ethics. The view that we cannot impose the values of one society on other societies is called:

Accepted Answer

The concept of ethical relativism asserts that morality is relative to the cultural norms of a society and therefore, there are no objective or universal moral standards that can be applied across all cultures. This view implies that we cannot judge the morality of other cultures based on our own ethical standards, nor can we impose our values on them. Hence, the best choice is A) ethical relativism.

Question 12

The first of the many federal acts to protect archaeological sites was:

Accepted Answer

The Antiquities Act, enacted in 1906, was the first federal act specifically intended to protect archaeological sites in the United States. The act empowers the president to proclaim national monuments on federal lands that contain historic or prehistoric structures or other objects of historic or scientific interest. The Antiquities Act has been used to preserve many important archaeological sites, including Mesa Verde National Park and Chaco Culture National Historical Park.

Question 13

When patients in Thailand used a combination of ritual, magic, and modern scientific medicine to treat an illness, Louis Golomb referred to this behavior as:

Accepted Answer

Louis Golomb referred to this behavior as therapeutic pluralism, which refers to the use of multiple healing practices, including traditional and modern forms of medicine, to address a health issue. This is a common approach in many cultures around the world, including Thailand. The other answer choices do not accurately reflect the concept being described.

Question 14

When an applied anthropologist provides cultural information that he or she gleaned while doing ethnological research to an agency or government that wants to implement change, the anthropologist is playing the role of:

Accepted Answer

An informant is someone who provides information to another person or organization. In this scenario, the applied anthropologist is providing cultural information to an agency or government, making them an informant.

Question 15

While studying the use of crack cocaine in Spanish Harlem, anthropologist Philippe Bourgois found that:

Accepted Answer

Crack dealing was seen as a viable means to achieve economic success and social mobility in a context where traditional routes were inaccessible or blocked.

Question 16

Even though there are numerous pieces of legislation aimed at curtailing pot hunting, this practice still persists. The text example of the looting of the __________ is an excellent illustration of the problems that exist.

Accepted Answer

The text example of the looting referred to in the sentence is the Slack farm site in Kentucky. This implies that despite legislation, pot hunting is still prevalent at such sites. The other options are not mentioned in the sentence and do not relate to the example provided.

Question 17

One can understand the values and worldviews of another people and not accept all of their practices or standards.

Accepted Answer

Understanding does not always equal acceptance. It is possible to comprehend another group's values and beliefs without agreeing with all of their actions.

Question 18

Problems sometimes arise between applied anthropologists and private developers or government officials. Many agencies want to implement changes immediately, without consideration for the people who will be impacted. Anthropologists often recommend against these rapidly planned innovations and, as a consequence, the agencies ignore recommendations. In these circumstances, applied anthropologists have often been forced to take an advocacy approach, or the:

Accepted Answer

The representative role involves acting as an advocate for the affected people and representing their views and interests to the agency or decision-makers. In situations where agencies ignore the recommendations of applied anthropologists and implement changes without considering the impacts, the anthropologist may take on a representative role to advocate for the needs and concerns of the community.

Question 19

The study of disease, health care systems, and theories and methods of curing in cross-cultural perspective is known as:

Accepted Answer

Medical anthropology focuses on the study of health, disease, and health care systems from a cross-cultural perspective. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations. Ethnoscience refers to the study of indigenous knowledge and classification systems. Metamedicine and healer anthropology are not commonly used terms in the field of medical anthropology.

Question 20

The study of disease patterns in different societies is called:

Accepted Answer

Epidemiology is the study of how diseases are distributed in different populations and the factors that contribute to those distributions. It is concerned with understanding patterns of disease occurrence and identifying risk factors for disease. Ethnodisease refers specifically to the study of cultural beliefs and practices related to health and illness. Medical mapping is a technique for visualizing the distribution of health outcomes within a given population. Lepidopterology is the study of moths and butterflies. Xenophobia is a term used to describe a fear or hatred of foreigners or people from different cultures.

Quiz 18: Applied Anthropology