Question 1

Which sleep disorder is characterized by the inability to sleep?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is characterized by the inability to sleep or stay asleep. It can be caused by various factors such as stress, anxiety, medications, and medical conditions.

Question 2

After a period of sleep deprivation,you would expect a person to exhibit:

Accepted Answer

Sleep deprivation can lead to the occurrence of microsleeps, which are brief episodes of sleep that last for a few seconds and happen during wakefulness. These microsleeps can occur involuntarily and can disrupt normal cognitive and physical functioning, which can be dangerous in situations where alertness is critical, such as driving or operating machinery.

Question 3

Circadian rhythms can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythms refer to the internal biological clocks that regulate various physiological processes such as hormone levels, body temperature, and the sleep cycle. They are not related to heartbeat or astronomy.

Question 4

Which of the following people is most likely to experience insomnia?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is more common in older adults, particularly women. Hormonal changes during menopause can disrupt sleep, as can other age-related factors like medical problems and medication use.

Question 5

Evan was born prematurely.Because he may stop breathing for temporary periods while asleep,he is given oxygen at night to compensate for his lowered oxygen levels and sleep disruption during these episodes.It is likely that Evan has:

Accepted Answer

Evan's symptoms of momentarily stopping breathing while asleep and receiving oxygen at night to compensate for lowered oxygen levels point towards sleep apnea. Sleep apraxia is a rare condition associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, where individuals act out dreams while asleep. Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive sleepiness and sudden and uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the day. Insomnia involves difficulty falling or staying asleep, which does not align with Evan's symptoms.

Question 6

Which animal has unihemispherical sleep patterns?

Accepted Answer

Dolphins have unihemispherical sleep patterns, meaning that one half of their brain sleeps while the other half remains awake and alert. This allows them to continue swimming and breathing while still getting the rest they need. Monkeys and humans both have typical bilateral sleep patterns, while sharks do not sleep at all in the traditional sense.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an adaptive function of sleep?

Accepted Answer

Synchronizing eye movements is not an adaptive function of sleep. The other options, restoration, facilitation of learning, and following circadian rhythms, are all important adaptive functions of sleep.

Question 8

Which of the following is the most effective treatment for insomnia?

Accepted Answer

Drug therapy with CBT is the most effective treatment for insomnia because it combines the benefits of both medication and therapy. Medication can help to improve sleep quality in the short term, while CBT can help to change the thoughts and behaviors that contribute to insomnia in the long term.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT likely a purpose of sleep?

Accepted Answer

While sleep has been linked to reducing the likelihood of certain mental health conditions, there is currently no evidence that it specifically reduces the likelihood of schizophrenia. The other options (A, B, and C) are all commonly accepted purposes of sleep.

Question 10

Which of the following is closest to being the opposite of narcolepsy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is closest to...

Question 11

Which of the following is a major cause of insomnia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a major...

Question 12

If your brain was a building,sleep would play the role of the:

Accepted Answer

Sleep plays a crucial role in cleaning out toxins from the brain that accumulate during the day, similar to how a janitor cleans a building.

Question 13

Your friend has been complaining about her inability to concentrate and her irritability.She mentions that she has not been able to fall asleep.What condition might your friend have?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early. It can also lead to symptoms such as irritability and difficulty concentrating. Dementia is a decline in cognitive function and memory, while melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate sleep. Paradoxical sleep refers to the stage of sleep when the body is physically inactive but the brain is active.

Question 14

Your friend has a child who wakes up during the first hour of sleep and walks around with a glassy-eyed look.The little girl can be walked back to bed and does not remember the episode in the morning.Your friend is very worried that his child may have a severe sleep disorder.Based on your knowledge of sleep,you reply that the child:

Accepted Answer

The description of the child's behavior is characteristic of sleepwalking, which is common in children and usually resolves on its own. There is no indication of narcolepsy or REM behavior disorder in the scenario, and while improving sleep routines may be helpful in addressing insomnia, that does not appear to be the issue at hand.

Question 15

Your friend has been sleep deprived for two straight days.You expect them to be impaired on:

Accepted Answer

Sleep deprivation can affect cognitive function, coordination, and reaction time. Therefore, it is expected that your friend would be impaired in performing mundane tasks such as daily chores or routine work. Lifting heavy weights and athletic ability involve physical strength, which may not be as affected by sleep deprivation as cognitive function. Complex tasks require mental effort and focus, which can be significantly impaired due to sleep deprivation, but this can vary among individuals.

Question 16

Occasionally,Jon will fall asleep while working with a customer.Jon is experiencing which sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

Jon's tendency to fall asleep unexpectedly while working with a customer suggests that he may be experiencing narcolepsy, which is a sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day. Sleep apnea involves pauses in breathing during sleep, insomnia involves difficulty falling or staying asleep, and paradoxical sleep refers to the stage of sleep during which we experience vivid dreams and muscle paralysis.

Question 17

The restorative theory is used to explain which of the following phenomena?

Accepted Answer

The restorative theory is used to explain the restorative function of sleep, suggesting that it allows the body and brain to repair and replenish important physiological and cognitive functions.

Question 18

Which theory of sleep would explain why Jon slept an extra four hours after running a marathon?

Accepted Answer

The restorative theory of sleep proposes that sleep is necessary to restore and repair the body and mind after periods of wakefulness and activity. Running a marathon is a physically demanding activity, and it is possible that Jon's body needed extra time to rest and recover, leading to an increase in his sleep duration.

Question 19

Which of the following disorders may be helped by sleep deprivation?

Accepted Answer

Sleep deprivation has been shown to temporarily alleviate symptoms of depression in some people. However, it is not a long-term solution and can have negative side effects. It is not recommended as a treatment for chronic insomnia, hypertension, or ADHD.

Question 20

Sleep deprivation can increase the activation of ________ receptors in the brain,which in turn can alleviate symptoms of ________.

Accepted Answer

Sleep deprivation increases the activation of serotonin receptors in the brain, which can alleviate symptoms of depression.

Quiz 4: Consciousness