Question 1

While a child watches,you hide a Cheerio under one of two cups in front of her.You hide the Cheerio under the red cup,and show the child that there is nothing under the blue cup.If this child has not yet achieved object permanence,she will:

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. If a child has not yet achieved object permanence, they will not understand that the Cheerio still exists under the red cup once it is out of sight, leading them to not look for the Cheerio at all.

Question 2

According to Piaget,in which stage of development does an individual develop an understanding of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development identifies sensorimotor stage as the phase where infants learn object permanence, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen or heard. This stage typically lasts from birth to two years of age. Therefore, the correct choice is option A.

Question 3

According to Piaget,a 4-year-old is probably at the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's stages of development indicate that the preoperational stage typically occurs between the ages of 2 and 7 years old. Therefore, a 4-year-old would be in the preoperational stage. The preoperational stage is characterized by an increase in symbolic thinking but limited understanding of logic and the ability to take another person's perspective.

Question 4

A challenge to Piaget's theory of development takes issue with his argument that:

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory suggests that all individuals go through the same stages of development in the same order, but this has been challenged by research that suggests that cultural, environmental, and individual differences can lead to variations in the order and timing of developmental milestones.

Question 5

In front of Chris,Tasha pours 8 ounces of water from a measuring cup into each of two glasses: a short,fat glass and a tall,thin glass.She then asks Chris which glass has more water.If Chris is at the preoperational stage,he is likely to answer:

Accepted Answer

At the preoperational stage, children's thinking is dominated by visual appearances rather than logic or quantitative measurements. Chris is likely to focus on the height and shape of the glasses rather than the amount of water poured into them. The tall,thin glass appears to hold more water because it is taller, even though it may have the same amount as the short,fat glass. Therefore, Chris is most likely to choose option A) the tall,thin glass as having more water.

Question 6

A young child who has achieved object permanence will be aware that:

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not directly observable. This means that a child who has achieved object permanence will be aware that objects exist even when they cannot see them.

Question 7

In front of Mikey,Kristin pours 8 ounces of water from a measuring cup into both a short,fat glass and a tall,thin glass.She then asks Mikey which glass has more water.If Mikey is at the concrete operational stage,he is likely to answer:

Accepted Answer

At the concrete operational stage, a child understands conservation of liquids, meaning they can recognize that the amount of water stays the same regardless of how it is poured into different shaped glasses. Therefore, the child should understand that both glasses have the same amount of water.

Question 8

What cognitive limitation is the tendency of individuals to view the world through their own experiences?

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism is the cognitive limitation in which individuals tend to view the world through their own experiences and have difficulty taking on other people's perspectives. Assimilation refers to the process of incorporating new information into existing schemas, while accommodation involves modifying existing schemas to accommodate new information. Centration is the tendency to focus only on one characteristic of an object or situation while ignoring other relevant features.

Question 9

Your brother's child has just learned to organize his set of 25 blocks according to their relative sizes.What stage of development would Piaget say he has reached?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory, children in the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11) can think logically and understand principles of conservation, classification, and seriation. Organizing blocks according to size is an example of seriation, which involves arranging items in a particular order based on a specific dimension (in this case, size). Therefore, the child in the scenario has most likely reached the concrete operational stage of development.

Question 10

Joey can sort objects on the basis of their color,their shape,or both at the same time.Piaget would say that Joey is in the ________ stage,because he no longer suffers from the limitation known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Joey's ability to sort objects based on both color and shape indicates that he has overcome the limitation of centration, which is characteristic of the preoperational stage. Additionally, his formation of categories based on multiple attributes is a skill that emerges during the concrete operational stage.

Question 11

Piaget's conclusion that young children have no inherent sense of mathematical principles:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children under 3 years of age understand concepts such as more than and less than, which calls into question Piaget's conclusion that young children have no inherent sense of mathematical principles.

Question 12

Your nephew shows you his cool new Pokémon cards,proudly telling you that he knows that Charmander and Ponyta are both "fire type" because of the picture of the flame on the top of the card,and they're both red.When you see him play,he plans out his attacks in a logical way,but he doesn't predict what his opponent's counter-attacks might be.Piaget would place him in the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

The concrete operational stage, according to Piaget, is characterized by logical thinking and understanding of concrete concepts, but not yet the ability to think abstractly or predict outcomes of hypothetical situations.

Question 13

According to Piaget,in which stage of development do children come to understand the law of conservation and quantity?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, children come to understand the law of conservation and quantity in the concrete operational stage, which typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 12. In this stage, children can think logically about concrete objects and events and understand conservation of mass, volume, and number. In contrast, children in the sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) are primarily focused on their own physical movements and sensory experiences, while children in the preoperational stage (2-7 years) may struggle with conservation tasks due to limitations in their logical reasoning abilities. The formal operational stage (12 years and older) involves more abstract and hypothetical thinking.

Question 14

What is a difference between assimilation and accommodation?

Accepted Answer

Accommodation involves adjusting or creating new schemas to incorporate new information, whereas assimilation involves integrating new information into existing schemas without changing them.

Question 15

Kai's mom hides his pacifier because she does not want him to use it anymore.But Kai knows that the pacifier exists even though it is hidden from sight,and he cries for it.What is the earliest stage of cognitive development that Kai could be in?

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes the concept of object permanence, which is developed during the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years), where a child learns that objects still exist even when they are not visible. Kai crying for the pacifier shows that he knows it exists even though he cannot currently see it, indicating he has developed object permanence. The preoperational stage (2-7 years) focuses on symbolic thinking and language development, so it is less relevant to this scenario. Transductive reasoning and concrete operational thinking (7-12 years) involve more advanced cognitive processes than what is depicted in this scenario.

Question 16

A child seen playing at the beach has first poured a bucket of sand into a short,fat container and then another bucket into a tall,thin container.When asked which container holds more sand,the child points to the tall,thin container.This response suggests that she is at Piaget's ________ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of preoperational thinking as the child is not able to understand conservation, which means that the amount of sand stays the same even if the shape or size of the container changes. The child is focused on the appearance of the containers rather than the actual amount of sand they hold.

Question 17

You go to the zoo with your little brother,and he calls all animals with feathers woodpeckers because he ________ all birds into that category.When you pass a parrot and tell him it's not a woodpecker,but a parrot,he must ________ this new information.

Accepted Answer

The little brother has been assimilating or grouping all birds with feathers as woodpeckers. When he learns that the parrot is not a woodpecker but a parrot, he must accommodate or adjust his existing knowledge to incorporate this new information. Therefore, the best choice is B, "assimilates; accommodate."

Question 18

Recent research suggests that children are capable of learning the concepts of more than and less than even earlier than suggested by Piaget.At what age are children now believed to be capable of demonstrating these concepts?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research suggests that children are capable...

Question 19

According to Piaget,what is a similarity between assimilation and accommodation?

Accepted Answer

Both assimilation and accommodation involve processing new information. Assimilation is the process of fitting new information into existing mental schemas, while accommodation involves adapting or adjusting mental schemas to fit new information. In both cases, the individual is doing something with new information rather than simply ignoring or rejecting it.

Question 20

In Piaget's view of cognitive development,assimilation has occurred when ________,and accommodation when ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Piaget's view of cognitive development,assimilation has...

Quiz 9: Human Development