Question 1

The more negative emotions someone experiences,the greater the chance of developing:

Accepted Answer

There is a strong link between negative emotions and the development of heart disease. Chronic stress and negative emotions can lead to changes in the body's systems, such as increased blood pressure and inflammation, that can contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease.

Question 2

Who is most likely at risk for heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals with a Type A personality, characterized by traits such as competitiveness, impatience, and hostility, are at a higher risk for developing heart disease. Type B personalities, on the other hand, are considered more laid-back and relaxed, and therefore at a lower risk for heart disease.

Question 3

Given what you know about stress and the immune system,when are college students more susceptible to illness?

Accepted Answer

During midterm and final exams, college students are likely to experience high levels of stress due to academic pressure, lack of sleep, and poor diet. This stress can weaken the immune system, making them more susceptible to illness. Therefore, D is the best choice. While A and B may also be stressful times for students, they are typically not as intense as the pressure experienced during exams. Option C is not necessarily relevant as susceptibility to illness depends on individual stress levels during holidays.

Question 4

People who live in St.Petersburg recently experienced flooding of their homes and hail damage during a particularly bad storm.People in Miami did not experience this storm.Who will have better immune functioning,and why?

Accepted Answer

Experiencing severe weather events and the stress that comes with them can have negative effects on immune functioning. Since the people in Miami did not experience the storm, they would not have been exposed to this stressor and may have better immune functioning as a result. Anticipatory coping and eustress events are not directly related to immune functioning. The last option that immune functioning is largely due to genetics is incorrect as environmental factors can also have an impact.

Question 5

Immune functioning and the experience of positive events have been shown to:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that positive events and emotions can improve immune functioning, leading to a positive correlation between the two.

Question 6

Which of the following people is most likely to develop coronary heart disease at some point in his life?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals who are aggressive and impatient, and who thrive on competition, are at higher risk for developing coronary heart disease.

Question 7

Farhan has had to deal with repeated amounts of high stress.His parents both have chronic diseases and his new job demands a lot of his time.According to research on the effects of stress,Farhan will:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that chronic stress can weaken the immune system and lead to a decreased response to infectious diseases. Developing a serious mental illness, such as antisocial personality disorder, is not a common result of stress. While Type A personality traits may be correlated with increased stress levels, it is not a direct outcome of stress. Increasing hobbies may be a coping mechanism, but it is not a proven physiological effect of stress.

Question 8

In a well-known study of California men,being hostile and impatient was found to be related to ________,which shows that ________.

Accepted Answer

The study found a correlation between being hostile and impatient and heart disease, indicating that psychological factors are important in disease development. Genetics, lifestyle, and gender are not mentioned in relation to the findings of the study.

Question 9

Your roommate is hostile,very competitive,and pessimistic.On the basis of recent research,which of the following health problems is your roommate most likely to experience later in life?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that individuals who exhibit hostility, competitiveness, and pessimism are at a higher risk for developing cardiovascular disease later in life. The constant stress and negativity associated with these personality traits can lead to an increase in inflammation and higher levels of stress hormones, which can damage the cardiovascular system. While chronic infections and cancer can also be caused by stress and other factors, the research specifically links these personality traits to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. AIDS is caused by a virus and is not linked to personality traits.

Question 10

With regard to the risk of heart disease,you know that:

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that the rate of heart disease is higher in men than in women. Men tend to develop heart disease at a younger age and are more susceptible to coronary artery disease. However, after menopause, the risk of heart disease in women increases, and eventually, the rate may become similar to that of men.

Question 11

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)urges Americans to get vaccinated each year for the flu,as this annual shot helps to fight off infection because:

Accepted Answer

When you get the flu vaccine, your body recognizes the killed or weakened virus in the vaccine as foreign and produces antibodies to fight it. These antibodies remain in your body and can quickly recognize and fight off the actual virus if you are exposed to it in the future.

Question 12

Feeling hostile and impatient is characteristic of people who are at increased risk to develop:

Accepted Answer

Hostility and impatience are associated with increased risk of developing heart disease. Studies have shown that individuals who exhibit these traits are more likely to have negative cardiovascular outcomes such as high blood pressure and heart attacks.

Question 13

A general conclusion growing out of the research on health and stress is that:

Accepted Answer

According to the research on health and stress, chronic stress has adverse effects on health. Short-term stress can be managed and may not have long-term consequences, whereas chronic stress over a prolonged period can lead to various health problems such as cardiovascular disease, depression, and immune system dysfunction. Option A is incorrect because short-term stress is not as harmful as chronic stress. Option B is false because psychologists have long recognized the significant role of stress on health. Option C is also incorrect because both the source and level of stress can have negative effects on health.

Question 14

Each of the following was discussed in this chapter as important determinants of cardiovascular disorders EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Lack of sleep was not discussed in this chapter as an important determinant of cardiovascular disorders.

Question 15

Jane owns a consulting firm and has three employees.Which person should Jane recommend for a job that demands good people skills?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jane owns a consulting firm and has...

Question 16

Harold has been unemployed for many years and is constantly struggling to pay his bills.The stress Harold is experiencing is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Harold's stress is chronic because it is a long-term and ongoing stressor that he has been experiencing for many years.

Question 17

The human immune system is made up of specialized white blood cells known as lymphocytes,which help to maintain physical health and well-being.Of those,B cells are known to ________,whereas T cells are known to ________.

Accepted Answer

B cells are responsible for producing antibodies, while T cells directly attack foreign intruders.

Question 18

If you would like to minimize the negative effects of stress in your life,which of the following jobs would you most want to avoid?

Accepted Answer

Air traffic controllers have been ranked as one of the most stressful jobs in the world due to the high stakes and pressure to make split-second decisions. This high level of stress can have negative effects on both physical and mental health, making it a job to avoid if you want to minimize stress in your life.

Question 19

Two ways that hostility can affect the body are through stress on the heart and:

Accepted Answer

Hostility can lead to reduced pulmonary function by causing constriction of the airways and impairment of lung function. This can increase the risk of respiratory illnesses such as asthma and bronchitis.

Question 20

Seeing someone who is red in the face and "ready to explode" with anger might indicate that the person:

Accepted Answer

A person who is red in the face and "ready to explode" with anger is exhibiting traits of Type A personality, which is characterized by impatience, competitiveness, and a tendency towards hostility and anger. Hardy personality typically refers to individuals who are resilient and able to cope effectively with stress, while Type B personality is characterized by lower levels of stress and a more relaxed approach to life. Emotion-focused coping refers to strategies used to manage emotional distress, which may not necessarily involve anger and explosive behavior.

Quiz 11: Health and Well-Being