Question 1

According to your textbook,which possible biological cause of autism spectrum disorders has been most controversial?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your textbook,which possible biological cause...

Question 2

Tom is a 32-year-old chemical engineer.He was diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)as a child.Compared to his non-ADHD-diagnosed friends,Tom is much more likely to have:

Accepted Answer

Individuals with ADHD often struggle with impulse control, leading to impulsive decisions such as changing jobs frequently. While ADHD can also lead to problems with anxiety, depression, and relationships, there is no mention of Tom experiencing these issues in the given information.

Question 3

Jenny is a 30-year-old executive who was diagnosed with ADHD when she was in elementary school.Based on recent research,you would assume that:

Accepted Answer

Recent research suggests that ADHD symptoms can persist into adulthood, so it is more likely that Jenny still shows symptoms of ADHD. While some adults may be able to better conceal their symptoms, this is not always the case. Additionally, while women may be diagnosed with ADHD less frequently than men, this does not necessarily mean that they are more likely to outgrow the disorder. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 4

The dimensional approach to diagnosing psychopathology is most evident in the DSM-5 revised criteria for which disorder?

Accepted Answer

The dimensional approach to diagnosing psychopathology is most evident in the DSM-5 revised criteria for autism spectrum disorder, which now includes severity levels based on the level of support needed for social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. This allows for a more nuanced approach to understanding the range of symptoms and functioning within individuals with autism. The other disorders listed in the options still use categorical approaches to diagnosis.

Question 5

Researchers have found that some ADHD patients have differences in the ________,the part of the brain that is involved in regulating motor behavior and impulse control.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the basal ganglia, which is involved in regulating motor behavior and impulse control, may function differently in individuals with ADHD. These differences may contribute to the symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity commonly seen in ADHD patients. The other brain regions listed, including the hippocampus, motor cortex, and cerebellum, are not as strongly associated with ADHD.

Question 6

At age 2,Jamison had hardly said any words,had never really made eye contact with his parents,and was intensely preoccupied with the buttons and zippers on his clothing.Jamison:

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These symptoms include delayed language development, lack of eye contact, and restricted interests or repetitive behaviors. The other disorders listed do not fit with the symptoms described.

Question 7

Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder:

Accepted Answer

Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder can be seen as early as age 1. Early detection and intervention are important for optimal outcomes.

Question 8

Which of the following disorders involves a lack of meaningful social contact with other people?

Accepted Answer

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often involves a lack of meaningful social contact with other people. Individuals with ASD may have difficulty with social interactions, communication, and understanding social cues. They may struggle to form and maintain relationships with others. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulties with attention and focus. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) involves excessive and persistent worry and fear about a range of topics or situations. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) involves difficulties with emotional regulation, self-image, and relationships with others, but does not necessarily involve a lack of social contact.

Question 9

Rates of autism spectrum disorder have recently:

Accepted Answer

Rates of autism spectrum disorder have increased, likely due to better recognition and diagnosis of milder cases, rather than an actual increase in the number of cases.

Question 10

Jacob has clear symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,namely,difficulty paying attention and lack of behavioral control.Jacob's behavior resembles that of people with damage to which of the following brain areas?

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobes are responsible for executive functioning, which includes attention control and behavioral control. Damage to this area can result in symptoms similar to ADHD. The amygdala is responsible for emotions and memory, the hippocampus for memory formation, and the hypothalamus for regulating the autonomic nervous system and hormone release, none of which are directly related to ADHD symptoms.

Question 11

Which disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication,as well as restricted interests?

Accepted Answer

Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted interests. ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry. Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

Question 12

Juan-Carlos,who has autism spectrum disorder,is watching a children's television program with his mother.Where is Juan-Carlos's gaze most likely fixed while watching the program?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder often focus on objects or patterns rather than people, so Juan-Carlos is more likely to fixate on the group of boxes.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a primary symptom of autism?

Accepted Answer

Autism is not always associated with mental retardation. Although some individuals with autism may have intellectual disabilities, it is not a defining feature of the disorder. The other three symptoms listed (deficits in verbal communication, lack of awareness of others, and restricted activities and interests) are all primary symptoms commonly associated with autism.

Question 14

The role of hereditary factors in autism spectrum disorders:

Accepted Answer

Twin studies have provided strong evidence for the role of hereditary factors in autism spectrum disorders. These studies have shown that identical twins are much more likely to both have autism compared to fraternal twins or non-twin siblings. This indicates that genetic factors play a significant role in the development of autism. While environmental factors, such as parenting, may also play a role, the evidence suggests that hereditary factors have a larger influence on the disorder.

Question 15

According to your textbook,which of the following does NOT serve as evidence that autism spectrum disorder is a biological disorder?

Accepted Answer

While the other options listed provide evidence that autism spectrum disorder is a biological disorder, the presence of abnormal amounts of antibodies in the blood is not a consistently replicated finding in the research on ASD. Therefore, it cannot be used as strong evidence for the biological basis of the disorder.

Question 16

Autism spectrum disorder shares some symptoms and genetic mutations with which adult disorder?

Accepted Answer

Autism spectrum disorder shares some symptoms and genetic mutations with schizophrenia. These include deficits in social communication and interaction, as well as altered neural pathways involved in reward processing and social cognition. However, it's worth noting that while there may be some overlap in symptoms and genetic factors, the two conditions are distinct and separate diagnoses.

Question 17

As your textbook notes,there has been a dramatic increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in recent decades.This increase is thought to stem primarily from:

Accepted Answer

The most widely accepted explanation for the increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is greater awareness of the symptoms of the disorder. This has led to improved recognition and diagnosis of the disorder, as well as changes in diagnostic criteria over time. There is little evidence to support the other options listed as the primary cause of the increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder.

Question 18

Children who are diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder often:

Accepted Answer

Children with ADHD often have difficulty with social interactions and may miss social cues, leading to problems with creating and maintaining friendships. While some children with ADHD may have above-average intelligence, this is not a consistent characteristic of the disorder. Children with ADHD may also struggle with mood disorders, but this is not necessarily a universal aspect of the diagnosis. Similarly, while some children with ADHD may be talkative and friendly, this is not a defining characteristic of the disorder.

Question 19

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by inattentiveness, restlessness, and impulsivity. While there may be some overlap with the other answer choices, C includes the three primary features of ADHD.

Question 20

Maria,age 8,has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Her family is told to expect all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While ADHD may impact some cognitive functions, it does not necessarily mean that a person with ADHD has a lower than average intelligence. The other symptoms listed - making careless mistakes, acting younger than her age, and ignoring social cues - are common symptoms associated with ADHD.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders