Question 1

According to John Locke,money is the reason individuals submit to:

Accepted Answer

John Locke believed that individuals submit to centralized authority because of money. He argued that people need a government to protect their property and enforce contracts, and that money is the key to making this system work. Without money, there would be no way to pay for the public goods and services that governments provide, such as courts, police, and national defense. Therefore, individuals are willing to give up some of their freedom and autonomy in exchange for the security and stability that a centralized authority provides.

Question 2

Since the 1960s,the United States has experienced what kind of shift in political participation?

Accepted Answer

The United States has experienced a decline in political participation since the 1960s, with lower voter turnout in elections and lower membership rates in political parties and interest groups.

Question 3

A modern model to explain the variations in forms of government is the study of the strategic decisions actors make by taking stock of the options available to them and the other players in a "game." This is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The concept of actors making strategic decisions based on the options available to them and other players in a "game" is known as game theory.

Question 4

Why does Puerto Rico have higher voting rates than the United States?

Accepted Answer

Election Day is a holiday in Puerto Rico, meaning that people have the day off work and are more likely to have the time to go and vote. This is not the case in the United States, where Election Day is not recognized as a federal holiday.

Question 5

Barrington Moore hypothesized that some states end up as democracies and others become dictatorships because the fate of each nation is determined by the struggle:

Accepted Answer

Barrington Moore proposed that the struggle between social classes is the determining factor in whether a state becomes a democracy or a dictatorship. He argued that if the bourgeoisie emerges as the dominant class, then democracy is likely to emerge. However, if the ruling class is the landed aristocracy or the military, then authoritarianism is more likely.

Question 6

Which of these is a characteristic of dictatorships?

Accepted Answer

Limited suffrage, or limiting the voting rights of the population, is a common characteristic of dictatorships as it allows the leader to maintain power without challenge or opposition from the people. The other options, such as property inheritance laws and political participation, are not necessarily exclusive to dictatorships and can vary depending on the specific government system in place. The disappearance of submissive citizens is not a characteristic of dictatorships, but rather a potential outcome of oppressive regimes.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an interest group?

Accepted Answer

An interest group is a group of people or organization that seeks to influence public policy and government decisions on specific issues. A corporation lobbying for a government contract is an example of an interest group as it is trying to influence government decisions in its favor. The other options do not fit the definition of an interest group.

Question 8

Define power,domination,domination by economic power,and domination by authority.Give examples of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define power,domination,domination by economic power,and domination by...

Question 9

An organization that seeks to gain power in a government,generally by backing candidates for office who subscribe to the party platform,is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A political party is an organization that seeks to gain power in a government by backing candidates for office who subscribe to the party platform. While Congress and campaign managers may be associated with political parties, they are not political parties themselves. Interest groups focus on specific policy concerns and do not necessarily seek to gain power in government.

Question 10

Piven and Cloward hold who or what responsible for the precipitous drop in political participation?

Accepted Answer

Piven and Cloward hold political elites responsible for the drop in political participation, arguing that a lack of meaningful opportunities for ordinary people to participate in politics has contributed to widespread disengagement and frustration with the political system.

Question 11

A trade union representing workers in particular job categories acts as a(n)____________ when it attempts to influence policy.

Accepted Answer

A trade union representing workers in particular job categories acts as an interest group when it attempts to influence policy. Interest groups are organizations that seek to influence government policy or action on a particular issue or set of issues. Trade unions fall under the category of interest groups as they represent the interests of workers in particular job categories and advocate for policies that benefit their members.

Question 12

The citizens who have the most to lose by not being politically active are the group most vulnerable to changing political and policy definitions of what constitutes a social right.Who makes up this group?

Accepted Answer

The deserving poor are the group most vulnerable to changing political and policy definitions of what constitutes a social right. As they rely heavily on government assistance and benefits, any changes in social policies can significantly impact their lives and well-being. The middle class and elites also have a lot to lose, but they often have more resources and political influence to protect their interests. The option D (white males) is too broad and not specific enough to qualify as the group most vulnerable to changing political and policy definitions of social rights.

Question 13

Hollywood films are often popular abroad and can be vehicles for some of the favored U.S.ideologies,such as free trade or democratic political institutions.In this case,attraction is used to influence external state actors.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes the use of soft power, which is the ability to influence others through attraction and persuasion rather than coercion or force. Hollywood films are a cultural expression that can spread American values and ideas in an appealing way to foreign audiences.

Question 14

Even democracies tend to have authority figures.Thomas Hobbes suggests that without an agreed-upon authority figure,like a president,we would have:

Accepted Answer

According to Thomas Hobbes, without an agreed-upon authority figure, the state of nature would be one of chaos and violence. This is because without a central power to enforce laws and rules, people would act solely in their own self-interest, leading to societal disorder. Additionally, without a common authority figure, disagreements and conflicts would not have a clear means of resolution, potentially leading to violence and further instability.

Question 15

According to Mancur Olson's ideas on collective action,what groups are better equipped to get what they want?

Accepted Answer

Small groups are better equipped to get what they want because they can organize more easily, face fewer coordination problems, and the benefits of collective action are more concentrated among their members.

Question 16

The civic voluntarism model points to three components to explain political participation or nonparticipation.Which of the following is one of these components?

Accepted Answer

The civic voluntarism model identifies mobilization efforts as one of the three components that can explain political participation or nonparticipation. The other two components are resources (such as education, income, and social networks) and psychological engagement (such as political efficacy and interest). Political apathy and race/ethnicity are not part of this model. Exposure to political advertising may influence political attitudes but is not a component of the civic voluntarism model.

Question 17

A system of government wherein power theoretically lies with the people-and citizens are therefore allowed to vote in elections,speak freely,and participate as legal equals in social life-is referred to by the textbook as:

Accepted Answer

The definition provided best describes a democratic system of government where power is held by the people and citizens are given equal rights to participate in decision-making through voting and participation in social life. Socialism refers to an economic system where resources and means of production are owned by the state, while dictatorship is a system where power is held by a single individual or group who then exercises control over the state. Communism is often described as a political and economic ideology that advocates for the abolition of private property and seeks to establish a classless society where everyone shares resources equally.

Question 18

The essence of game theory is that:

Accepted Answer

Game theory is based on the idea that the outcome for an actor (or player) is dependent on the choices made by other actors. It is a way of analyzing decision-making in social situations where the best choice or strategy for one individual depends on the choices of others. The goal of game theory is to identify and analyze the best strategies for each player in a given situation.

Question 19

According to Hobbes,to achieve peace for ourselves and to avoid death,humans enter into a ____________ and submit to an overarching sovereign authority charged with ensuring peace for everyone.

Accepted Answer

Hobbes believed that humans enter into a social contract in which they give up some of their individual freedoms in exchange for protection and security provided by an overarching sovereign authority, thus avoiding the state of nature in which life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." This sovereign authority could be a government or monarchy that is charged with ensuring peace and stability for all individuals within the society. Choices B and C are not relevant to Hobbes' theory, and while D is partially correct, it is not as specific as choice A in terms of Hobbes' overall theory of the social contract.

Question 20

____________ groups gain power by trying to persuade elected officials to advocate for their agendas.

Accepted Answer

Interest groups try to influence elected officials to pass laws or policies that align with their interests or agendas. By lobbying and advocating for their causes, interest groups can gain power and contribute to shaping public policy. Legislative groups (A) are composed of elected officials themselves, anarchist groups (B) advocate for the absence of government and political groups (D) can encompass various types of organizations, but not necessarily those dedicated to lobbying lawmakers.

Quiz 15: Authority and the State