Question 1

Inequity occurs when a person perceives that the ratio of his or her outcomes to other's outcomes and the ratio of a relevant other's input to his or her inputs are unequal.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

Primary motives must be unlearned,and it must be physiologically based.

Accepted Answer

Primary motives refer to the innate or natural drives that motivate human behavior, such as hunger, thirst, and sex. The statement suggests that these motives can be unlearned, meaning that they are not solely determined by environmental factors or cultural norms. Furthermore, it implies that these motives have a physiological basis, which is supported by research in neuroscience and biology.

Question 3

According to the Porter-Lawler model,the inference is that employees need to better focus their efforts on high-impact behaviors and activities that result in higher performance.

Accepted Answer

The Porter-Lawler model suggests that employees need to focus on high-impact behaviors and activities that result in higher performance to improve their overall performance. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 4

The term hygiene,in Herzberg's theory,refers to those factors that prevent dissatisfaction.

Accepted Answer

According to Herzberg's theory, hygiene factors are those that prevent dissatisfaction, but they do not necessarily lead to motivation or satisfaction. Hygiene factors include things such as salary, job security, working conditions, company policies, and interpersonal relationships.

Question 5

Harold Kelly stressed that attribution theory is concerned with the intuitive processes by which an individual interprets behavior as being attributed to certain parts of the relevant environment.

Accepted Answer

Harold Kelley is associated with attribution theory, which is concerned with how individuals infer the causes of behavior, attributing it to internal dispositions or external situations, not specifically to "certain parts of the relevant environment" in the way the statement suggests.

Question 6

In order to be included under the category of secondary motives,the motive must be learned.

Accepted Answer

Secondary motives are learned motives, which are not directly related to basic biological needs but are acquired through experience, socialization, and cultural influences.

Question 7

Intrinsic motives include the drive to avoid punishment,such as termination or being transferred.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motives refer to the internal factors that drive an individual's behavior, such as interest, enjoyment, and personal satisfaction. The drive to avoid punishment is an extrinsic motivator, which is an external factor that influences behavior.

Question 8

According to Maslow,one of the needs identified is the love need,however there are instances where there are misleading connotations,such as sex,which is essentially a physiological need.

Accepted Answer

Maslow identified love as a need that falls under the category of belongingness and affection needs. While sexual intimacy may be a part of a loving relationship, it is not the same as the need for love and affection. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 9

Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological deficiency or need that activates a behavior or drive that is aimed at a goal or incentive.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of motivation that is widely accepted in the field of psychology.

Question 10

Motivation is a hypothetical construct that is used to help explain behavior; it should not be equated with behavior.

Accepted Answer

Motivation refers to the internal drives, needs, and desires that influence behavior, but it is not the same thing as behavior itself. Someone may feel motivated to exercise, but if they never actually go to the gym, their behavior does not reflect their motivation.

Question 11

Equity theory supports a perception of distributive justice,which is an individual's cognitive evaluation regarding whether or not the amounts and allocations of rewards in a social setting are fair.

Accepted Answer

Equity theory is based on the concept of distributive justice, which is the perception of fairness in the distribution of rewards. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 12

Maslow's needs hierarchy theory does make a significant contribution in terms of making management aware of the diverse needs of employees at work.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's needs hierarchy theory proposes that human needs can be organized into a hierarchy of five levels, which include physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. This theory highlights that individuals have different needs and motivations that influence their behavior and satisfaction at work. By understanding these diverse needs, managers can design effective job roles, reward systems, and career development programs that can help employees meet their needs and achieve desired outcomes. Therefore, Maslow's theory makes a significant contribution in terms of informing management practices and promoting employee engagement and well-being.

Question 13

Interactional justice is the exchange between the employee and the employing organization.

Accepted Answer

Interactional justice refers to the quality of the interpersonal treatment people receive when procedures are implemented, focusing on the fairness of communication and respect in the execution of procedures, rather than an exchange between employee and organization.

Question 14

The fact that there are a higher number of employees who are dissatisfied with the raise they get points out that the hygiene factors seem to be important in preventing dissatisfaction but do not lead to satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that although hygiene factors (such as salary) can prevent dissatisfaction, they cannot necessarily lead to satisfaction. This implies that a higher number of employees being dissatisfied with their raise indicates the importance of hygiene factors in preventing dissatisfaction, but not in leading to satisfaction.

Question 15

Employees who perceive external control feel that they personally can influence their outcomes through their own ability,skills or effort.

Accepted Answer

Employees who perceive external control believe that their outcomes are influenced by external factors such as luck, chance, or other people's actions. They may feel that their own abilities or efforts do not play a significant role in determining outcomes.

Question 16

Maslow did not point out that the esteem needs consist of both self-esteem and esteem from others.He mainly conceded the importance of esteem of others.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs does include both self-esteem and esteem from others in the esteem needs category. While he did emphasize the importance of receiving esteem and recognition from others, he also recognized the significance of having self-respect, self-confidence, and a sense of achievement.

Question 17

The roots of Porter-Lawler expectancy theory of work motivation can be traced back to cognitive dissonance theory and exchange theory.

Accepted Answer

Porter-Lawler expectancy theory is based on Vroom's expectancy theory, not cognitive dissonance or exchange theory.

Question 18

Tabulating the results from the critical incident method,Herzberg concluded that job satisfiers are related to job context and that job dissatisfiers are allied to job content.

Accepted Answer

Herzberg concluded that job satisfiers (motivators) are related to job content, such as achievement, recognition, and work itself, while job dissatisfiers (hygiene factors) are related to job context, such as company policies, supervision, salary, and working conditions.

Question 19

An incentive is defined as anything that will alleviate the needs and increase the drive.

Accepted Answer

An incentive is defined as something that motivates or encourages someone to do something or increases the likelihood of a behavior. It doesn't necessarily alleviate needs but rather acts as a motivator or reward.

Question 20

Attribution theory is concerned with the relationship between personal social perception and interpersonal behavior.

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory is the study of how people interpret events and behaviors, and how they relate those interpretations to their own behavior and the behavior of others. It focuses on how individuals understand and make judgments about the causes of other people's actions or behaviors, and how those judgments influence their own behavior towards those individuals.

Quiz 6: Motivational Needs,processes,and Applications