Question 1

The electroencephalograph (EEG)was invented by:

Accepted Answer

The EEG was invented by German psychiatrist Hans Berger in 1924.

Question 2

Neurotoxic lesions destroy _____,and electrolytic lesions destroy _____.

Accepted Answer

Neurotoxic lesions destroy neurons, while electrolytic lesions destroy both neurons and fibers. Therefore, the best choice is B, as it accurately reflects the effects of both types of lesions. Choices A, C, and D are all incorrect as they do not accurately describe the effects of both types of lesions.

Question 3

The first field to study the relationship between brain function and behavior was:

Accepted Answer

Neuropsychology is the field of study that investigates the relationship between brain function and behavior.

Question 4

One can create a behavioral model of Parkinson disease in a rat by:

Accepted Answer

Parkinson disease is caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in reduced dopamine levels in the striatum. Lesioning the substantia nigra in rats mimics this pathological process and produces behavioral changes similar to those observed in Parkinson patients. The other options (stimulating the substantia nigra or lesioning/stimulating globus pallidus) would not produce the same kind of Parkinson-like symptoms.

Question 5

For measuring spatial memory in rats the platform is placed in one location for numerous trials to measure _____,whereas the platform is placed in a new location on each trial for measuring _____.

Accepted Answer

Place learning involves the platform being in the same location to assess memory of that location, while matching-to-place learning involves changing the platform location to assess adaptability and memory of new locations.

Question 6

In 1957 Scoville and Milner described a patient who had profound amnesia following a surgical removal of the:

Accepted Answer

Scoville and Milner's patient had profound amnesia following the surgical removal of the hippocampus. The hippocampus is crucial for the formation of new memories and the patient's amnesia suggests that the removal of this brain region disrupted their ability to form new memories.

Question 7

Broca's area is located in the:

Accepted Answer

Broca's area is located in the frontal lobe, specifically in the left hemisphere of most individuals. It is responsible for speech production and language processing.

Question 8

A study contrasting normal rats and ADX rats (which had their adrenal glands removed)observed that:

Accepted Answer

The study found that only the ADX rats (rats with their adrenal glands removed) had difficulty remembering objects they had encountered before, indicating that corticosterone (a hormone produced by the adrenal glands) plays a role in learning and memory. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are all incorrect.

Question 9

In a study on infant language,researchers found that when newborn infants listened to a familiar language there was a(n)_____ in oxygenated hemoglobin,and there was _____ in oxygenated hemoglobin when they listened to an unfamiliar language.

Accepted Answer

The question is referring to the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure changes in oxygenated hemoglobin in the infants' brains. The increase in oxygenated hemoglobin indicates increased neural activity in response to the familiar language, while the decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin indicates decreased neural activity in response to the unfamiliar language. Therefore, the best answer is D, which indicates an increase in oxygenated hemoglobin for the familiar language and a decrease for the unfamiliar language.

Question 10

A stereotaxic apparatus is primarily used:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A stereotaxic apparatus is primarily used:
...

Question 11

The mirror drawing task measures:

Accepted Answer

The mirror drawing task requires using motor memory to learn and execute a new motor skill, as it involves tracing a pattern while looking at its mirrored image. This task does not directly measure sensory perception or sensory memory, as the participant can see the pattern they are tracing. Although spatial memory may be involved to some extent, it is not the primary skill being tested in this task.

Question 12

_____ stains show cell bodies,whereas _____ stains show cell bodies and processes (e.g. ,dendrites).

Accepted Answer

Nissl stains are used to show the cell bodies of neurons as they stain the Nissl bodies (rough endoplasmic reticulum) that are abundant in the cell body. Golgi stains, on the other hand, impregnate a select number of cells, showing both cell bodies and processes (including dendrites). Option A is incorrect as Golgi stains do not show cell bodies exclusively. Option C is incorrect as Broca stains are used to demonstrate myelin, not cell bodies or dendrites. Option D is incorrect as Broca stains are not used to stain cell bodies or dendrites.

Question 13

_____ was the first to use electrical stimulation in humans during neurosurgery.

Accepted Answer

Wilder Penfield was the first to use electrical stimulation in humans during neurosurgery. He developed a technique using small electrical currents to stimulate different parts of the brain and map out specific functions, which was crucial in advancing our understanding of the brain's organization and contributed greatly to the treatment of conditions like epilepsy.

Question 14

Modifying the brain and observing the effects on behavior is a valuable experimental tool because:

Accepted Answer

Modifying the brain and observing the effects on behavior accomplishes all of the listed benefits. It allows researchers to develop testable hypotheses about how the brain influences behavior, to test those hypotheses experimentally, and to develop animal models of human disorders to better understand and develop treatments for those disorders.

Question 15

To place subcortical lesions accurately,it is necessary to use:

Accepted Answer

To place subcortical lesions accurately, a stereotaxic apparatus is necessary. This apparatus allows for precise targeting and localization of the subcortical structures being lesioned. Aspiration lesion and fMRI are not methods used for lesion placement.

Question 16

The Corsi test measures:

Accepted Answer

The Corsi test is a spatial memory test that evaluates an individual's ability to remember a sequence of spatial locations. It involves the presentation of a sequence of blocks or cubes arranged in a particular pattern, which the individual is asked to replicate in the same order after a brief delay.

Question 17

In rats,place learning is measured using:

Accepted Answer

Place learning in rats is typically measured using a hidden escape platform in a swimming pool, also known as the Morris water maze test. The rats must learn the location of the hidden platform in order to escape from the pool, and their performance is measured by how quickly they learn the correct location over repeated trials. The other tasks listed (Corsi test, recency memory task, block span task) are not specifically designed to measure place learning in rats.

Question 18

Lashley made lesions on the cortex of rats in his search for the location of memory.He found that:

Accepted Answer

Lashley's research led him to the conclusion that memory is distributed throughout the brain and not located in any single place. This is known as the principle of equipotentiality, which suggests that various parts of the brain can take over the memory function if another area is damaged or removed.

Question 19

_____ applied to the globus pallidus has been used as a treatment for Parkinson disease.

Accepted Answer

Deep brain stimulation applied to the globus pallidus has been shown to be an effective treatment for Parkinson disease by modulating neuronal activity and improving motor symptoms. Self-stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation have not been extensively studied as treatments for Parkinson disease.

Question 20

To study the role of a specific brain structure in behavior,you should:

Accepted Answer

To fully understand the role of a specific brain structure in behavior, it is best to use multiple approaches. Studying patients with damage to the brain region of interest can provide valuable clinical insights, while studying animals with similar damage can allow for more controlled and rigorous experimentation. Transcranial magnetic stimulation can also be used to modulate neural activity in specific brain regions and investigate their effects on behavior. Therefore, using all of these approaches together can provide the most comprehensive perspective on the role of a specific brain structure in behavior.

Quiz 7:How Do We Study the Brain's Structures and Functions? Part B

The electroencephalograph (EEG) was invented by:

Neurotoxic lesions destroy _,and electrolytic lesions destroy _.

The first field to study the relationship between brain function and behavior was:

One can create a behavioral model of Parkinson disease in a rat by:

For measuring spatial memory in rats the platform is placed in one location for numerous trials to measure _,whereas the platform is placed in a new location on each trial for measuring _.

In 1957 Scoville and Milner described a patient who had profound amnesia following a surgical removal of the:

Broca's area is located in the:

A study contrasting normal rats and ADX rats (which had their adrenal glands removed) observed that:

In a study on infant language,researchers found that when newborn infants listened to a familiar language there was a(n) _ in oxygenated hemoglobin,and there was _ in oxygenated hemoglobin when they listened to an unfamiliar language.

A stereotaxic apparatus is primarily used:

The mirror drawing task measures:

_ stains show cell bodies,whereas _ stains show cell bodies and processes (e.g. ,dendrites) .

_____ was the first to use electrical stimulation in humans during neurosurgery.

Modifying the brain and observing the effects on behavior is a valuable experimental tool because:

To place subcortical lesions accurately,it is necessary to use:

The Corsi test measures:

In rats,place learning is measured using:

Lashley made lesions on the cortex of rats in his search for the location of memory.He found that:

_____ applied to the globus pallidus has been used as a treatment for Parkinson disease.

To study the role of a specific brain structure in behavior,you should:

Quiz 7:How Do We Study the Brain's Structures and Functions? Part B

The electroencephalograph (EEG) was invented by:

Neurotoxic lesions destroy _____,and electrolytic lesions destroy _____.

The first field to study the relationship between brain function and behavior was:

One can create a behavioral model of Parkinson disease in a rat by:

For measuring spatial memory in rats the platform is placed in one location for numerous trials to measure _____,whereas the platform is placed in a new location on each trial for measuring _____.

In 1957 Scoville and Milner described a patient who had profound amnesia following a surgical removal of the:

Broca's area is located in the:

A study contrasting normal rats and ADX rats (which had their adrenal glands removed) observed that:

In a study on infant language,researchers found that when newborn infants listened to a familiar language there was a(n) _____ in oxygenated hemoglobin,and there was _____ in oxygenated hemoglobin when they listened to an unfamiliar language.

A stereotaxic apparatus is primarily used:

The mirror drawing task measures:

_____ stains show cell bodies,whereas _____ stains show cell bodies and processes (e.g. ,dendrites) .

_____ was the first to use electrical stimulation in humans during neurosurgery.

Modifying the brain and observing the effects on behavior is a valuable experimental tool because:

To place subcortical lesions accurately,it is necessary to use:

The Corsi test measures:

In rats,place learning is measured using:

Lashley made lesions on the cortex of rats in his search for the location of memory.He found that:

_____ applied to the globus pallidus has been used as a treatment for Parkinson disease.

To study the role of a specific brain structure in behavior,you should:

Neurotoxic lesions destroy _,and electrolytic lesions destroy _.

For measuring spatial memory in rats the platform is placed in one location for numerous trials to measure _,whereas the platform is placed in a new location on each trial for measuring _.

In a study on infant language,researchers found that when newborn infants listened to a familiar language there was a(n) _ in oxygenated hemoglobin,and there was _ in oxygenated hemoglobin when they listened to an unfamiliar language.

_ stains show cell bodies,whereas _ stains show cell bodies and processes (e.g. ,dendrites) .