Question 1

The British "navvies" were:

Accepted Answer

The term "navvy" referred to the construction workers who built the railways in Britain during the 19th century. They were called "navvies" because much of their work involved digging canals and building tunnels, which required the use of waterways. They were known for their hard work and tough living conditions, often living in temporary camps near the construction sites.

Question 2

The domination of the world by European industry was,in general,a result of:

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

The nineteenth-century banking revolution was accompanied by scandal; the greatest of the banks involved was the Péreire brothers' bank,the:

Accepted Answer

The scandal referred to is the Crédit Mobilier scandal, which occurred in the United States but involved the Péreire brothers' bank in France. The other banks listed were not involved in this particular scandal.

Question 4

A central difference in the development of industrialization in Great Britain and the United States on the one hand and continental Europe on the other was the involvement of:

Accepted Answer

Continental Europe relied heavily on government involvement through subsidies, incentives, and direct development to promote industrialization. On the other hand, Great Britain and the United States had a more hands-off approach, with private companies driving the development of industry.

Question 5

Even with the interconnectedness of industry,wherein an improvement in one area led to improvements in other areas,there was one dual foundation on which the rest was built; that foundation was:

Accepted Answer

The interconnectedness of industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was largely fueled by advancements in steam power and increased speed in transportation. This allowed for faster and more efficient movement of goods and people, which in turn led to improvements in other areas such as manufacturing and agriculture. While other factors such as capital and land were important, they were not the singular foundation upon which the rest of the interconnected industries were built. Therefore, choice C, steam and speed, best represents the dual foundation.

Question 6

Which pairing is correct?

Accepted Answer

Richard Arkwright is known for inventing the water frame, a machine used in spinning cotton. The other options are incorrect pairings of inventors and their inventions.

Question 7

Great Britain's small size in the early stages of industrialization:

Accepted Answer

Great Britain's small size encouraged the development of a well-integrated domestic market. The close proximity of towns and cities made transportation and communication easier, which helped facilitate the growth of industry and trade within the country. Additionally, the relatively small number of people in Great Britain at the time meant that there was a greater need for economic specialization and trade, which further encouraged the development of a domestic market.

Question 8

The development of the steam engine decisively transformed the nineteenth-century world._________ was one of its many applications.

Accepted Answer

Railroad locomotives were one of the many applications of the steam engine.

Question 9

The British government,concerned with working conditions in the early 1800s,held a series of hearings and upon learning of conditions that existed in British factories:

Accepted Answer

Upon learning of the conditions that existed in British factories, the British government realized the controversial nature of any move to regulate labor, but nevertheless passed several pieces of legislation to prohibit hiring children under the age of nine and to limit the hours worked by those under the age of eighteen. This was a significant step towards improving working conditions and protecting the rights of workers. The other options are incorrect as they either suggest immediate action that did not take place, express sympathy without taking any concrete steps, or propose solutions that are unrealistic or unrelated to the issue at hand.

Question 10

The Crédit Mobilier,founded in 1852,was:

Accepted Answer

The Crédit Mobilier was one of the first joint-stock investment banks, founded in 1852.

Question 11

Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793,the cotton gin:

Accepted Answer

The cotton gin mechanically separated the seeds from the cotton fibers, making cotton cleaning and processing more efficient and profitable.

Question 12

Which statement best describes the Industrial Revolution?

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution was unplanned and affected different industries in different countries at different rates of speed. It was a complex and gradual change that occurred over a period of several decades, not a sudden event. While steam engines played an important role in its development, the Revolution also involved innovations in transportation, communication, and manufacturing.

Question 13

One of the most important preconditions of industrialization that was best established in Great Britain was:

Accepted Answer

Great Britain had a commercialized system of agriculture, which meant that farmers were producing for a market rather than just for subsistence. This allowed for a surplus of food, which could be sold and used to fund industrialization. Additionally, commercial agriculture meant that fewer people were needed to work the land, freeing up labor for industrial jobs.

Question 14

One explanation for Britain's lead in the Industrial Revolution was that:

Accepted Answer

The idea of pursuing wealth and economic success was widely accepted and valued in British society during the 18th century, which created a favorable environment for industrial growth and innovation.

Question 15

There were many inventions that improved textile manufacturing in the 1700s,but the first of these was the "flying shuttle," which was invented by:

Accepted Answer

The flying shuttle was invented by John Kay in 1733 and greatly increased the speed and efficiency of weaving by allowing the weaver to work with a wider piece of cloth. Samuel Compton invented the spinning mule, James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, James Watt improved the steam engine, and Matthew Boulton worked with Watt in developing the steam engine. While all of these inventions were important to the Industrial Revolution, the flying shuttle was the first and most significant in improving textile manufacturing.

Question 16

The mining industry in England expanded rapidly with industrialization due to the increased demand for:

Accepted Answer

The increased demand for coal was the primary reason for the expansion of the mining industry in England during industrialization. Coal was used as a fuel source for steam engines and for powering machinery in factories.

Question 17

One of the developments that hastened the Industrial Revolution was the steam engine,originally developed to remove water from mines by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the developments that hastened the...

Question 18

What did the British poet William Blake describe as "these dark satanic mills?"

Accepted Answer

William Blake was referring to textile mills, which were often powered by coal and produced pollution, leading to a dark and gloomy atmosphere.

Question 19

The rapid expansion of the textile industry in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries had at least one unintended consequence: a revolution in:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rapid expansion of the textile industry...

Question 20

Continental Europe lagged behind Great Britain in industrializing due primarily to:

Accepted Answer

The French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars disrupted trade and commerce in Continental Europe, hindered the growth of a middle class, and resulted in significant economic destruction. This, in turn, delayed the process of industrialization in Europe as compared to Great Britain.

Quiz 19: The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society