Question 1

Why are studies that seem to demonstrate the phenomenon of implicit memory important?

Accepted Answer

Studies that demonstrate implicit memory are important because they provide a research technique for the study of unconscious mental processes. This is because implicit memory is memory that influences behavior and thoughts without conscious awareness of the memory. It is a way of studying the influence of memory on behavior that cannot be explicitly recalled.

Question 2

The essential feature of behavior that will lead to diagnosis of dissociative fugue is

Accepted Answer

Dissociative fugue is characterized by sudden and unexpected travel away from one's usual surroundings, accompanied by amnesia for one's past and confusion about one's personal identity.

Question 3

One of the greatest controversies in psychology today is the issue of recovered memories.Some individuals argue that such memories reveal past sexual abuse; others disagree.What is one of the concerns for those who raise questions about recovered memories?

Accepted Answer

One of the concerns for those who raise questions about recovered memories is that therapists may be influencing or suggesting the existence of such memories to their clients. This can inadvertently lead clients to create false memories or believe in events that never happened. It is important for therapists to be cautious and ethical when working with clients who report recovered memories.

Question 4

For a class assignment,students are required to read the book The Three Faces of Eve.The professor says he will offer extra credit to any student who can point out one of the inaccuracies in the book.Which of these students is going to earn extra credit?

Accepted Answer

Eve had more than three personalities, which is a detail not accurately represented in the title of the book "The Three Faces of Eve."

Question 5

Some psychologists do not see hypnosis as an altered state of consciousness.How are they likely to view being hypnotized?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists who do not view hypnosis as an altered state of consciousness are more likely to see being hypnotized as a response to suggestion and expectations. They may view hypnosis as a natural state of mind that people enter into when they are receptive to suggestion, rather than a unique or altered state of consciousness. This perspective suggests that anyone can be hypnotized if they are willing to follow the suggestions of the hypnotist.

Question 6

While in his bedroom,Zack suddenly feels as if he is in a strange and unfamiliar place.Later,he experiences the feeling that his body does not belong to him.What is Zack experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Zack is experiencing depersonalization, which is a feeling of being disconnected from oneself or one's body. Fugue is a dissociative disorder where a person suddenly and unexpectedly travels away from home or work and has no memory of the past. Deja vu is a feeling of familiarity in a new situation, and identity disorder involves a disruption or fragmentation of one's sense of self.

Question 7

Which of the following individuals is going through a depersonalization experience?

Accepted Answer

Depersonalization is characterized by feelings of detachment from oneself or one's surroundings. Terry's sensation of floating above her body is an example of depersonalization. Peter's belief that the world is out to get him is an example of paranoia, Abigail's amnesia is an example of dissociative amnesia, and Ronald's belief in multiple personalities is an example of dissociative identity disorder.

Question 8

What is the view of contemporary psychology regarding unconscious processes?

Accepted Answer

Contemporary psychology acknowledges the existence of unconscious processes and recognizes their role in both normal and abnormal emotion and cognition. The concept of the unconscious plays a central role in psychoanalytic, psychodynamic, and cognitive theories of psychology. Research has shown that unconscious processes can influence behavior and cognition, and certain psychological disorders can be treated by working with unconscious material.

Question 9

What is the most common form of dissociative amnesia?

Accepted Answer

Selective amnesia is the most common form of dissociative amnesia. It involves forgetting specific events, usually traumatic or stressful ones, while retaining memory of other experiences before and after the event.

Question 10

Jean Charcot influenced the thinking of Sigmund Freud and Pierre Janet.Specifically,Freud and Janet were influenced by Charcot's

Accepted Answer

Charcot was known for his use of hypnosis to treat and induce hysteria, which greatly influenced the techniques used by both Freud and Janet in their own work on mental disorders.

Question 11

Research suggests many reasons to disbelieve the claims that dissociative disorders are prevalent but overlooked.Which of the following reasons presented in your textbook supports disbelieving these claims?

Accepted Answer

The correlation between the increase in diagnosis frequency and the release of a popular book and movie suggests that the prevalence of dissociative disorders may have been overestimated due to cultural and social factors rather than being overlooked.

Question 12

George Franklin was convicted of the murder of an 8-year-old that occurred over 20 years earlier.What aspect of this case is of interest to psychologists?

Accepted Answer

The use of recovered memories as evidence in a criminal trial is controversial and of interest to psychologists. The accuracy and reliability of such memories have been called into question, and the potential for suggestibility and false memories is a concern. Franklin's conviction, based on his daughter's recovered memories, raises important questions about the reliability of such evidence in the criminal justice system.

Question 13

The famous case study by Thigpen and Cleckley (1957)that started the public's fascination with the idea of multiple personality disorder,now called dissociative identity disorder,became a book and movie called

Accepted Answer

The famous case study by Thigpen and Cleckley was about a woman named Eve White who had multiple personalities, and it was later turned into a book and movie called "The Three Faces of Eve." "Michelle Remembers" is a book about recovered memories of satanic ritual abuse, not dissociative identity disorder. "Eve Black and Eve White" is a reference to a character from the movie "All About Eve," and "The Shining" is a horror novel and movie that does not involve dissociative identity disorder.

Question 14

Neisser and Harsch interviewed people about how they learned about the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger,and what they were doing at the time.They interviewed people at the time of the explosion,and then three years later.What did they find at the three-year follow-up?

Accepted Answer

Neisser and Harsch found that about one-third of the people they interviewed had vivid but inaccurate memories of how they learned about the Challenger explosion, indicating that memory can be distorted over time.

Question 15

Some psychologists believe the increase in the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder in recent years in the United States reflects a "fad" because

Accepted Answer

This choice states that the rarity of the diagnosis in Great Britain suggests that the increase in diagnosis in the United States is not due to an actual increase in the disorder but rather a cultural or societal trend. This implies that the diagnosis may be a "fad." The other choices may be factors in the increase in diagnosis, but they do not necessarily support the idea of it being a "fad."

Question 16

After Linda witnessed a violent crime,she could not recall anything that happened before the trauma.Linda's experience is an example of

Accepted Answer

Linda's inability to recall anything before the traumatic event is indicative of dissociative amnesia. This is a type of memory loss that occurs as a result of trauma or extreme stress. In some cases, individuals may forget specific details or events surrounding a traumatic event, while in other instances, they may forget significant periods of their life (fugue). However, in Linda's case, the fact that she cannot remember anything before the trauma is most consistent with dissociative amnesia.

Question 17

While,in DSM-5,fugue and dissociative amnesia are in the category of dissociative disorders,and ASD and PTSD are classified as trauma- and stressor-related disorders,many psychologists believe there is an important link between these separately categorized disorders.Which of the following provides evidence of such a link?

Accepted Answer

The fact that all of these disorders usually involve a clear and sudden trauma that would be followed by a rapid return to normal psychological functioning suggests a link between them. This commonality may indicate that individuals who develop ASD or PTSD may be at greater risk for future dissociative experiences such as fugue or dissociative amnesia.

Question 18

Multiple personality disorder is now known as

Accepted Answer

Multiple personality disorder is now known as dissociative identity disorder.

Question 19

Epstein has suggested that we have two systems of information processing: a rational system that uses abstract,logical knowledge and a(n)________________ system that uses intuitive knowledge to respond more quickly.

Accepted Answer

Epstein's theory proposes that we have a rational system of information processing that uses logical and abstract knowledge, and an experiential system that relies on intuitive and automatic responses based on past experiences. This system operates without conscious awareness and allows us to respond quickly in familiar situations.

Question 20

What is a cause of dissociative amnesia?

Accepted Answer

Dissociative amnesia is often caused by trauma or stress, resulting from emotional distress rather than physical injury or biological issues. It is a psychological response to stress where a person blocks out certain information, often associated with a stressful or traumatic event, unlike amnesia that results from brain injury or a neurological condition.

Quiz 7: Acute and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders, Dissociative Disorders, and Somatic Symptom Disorders