Question 1

Which contains more moles of material: 80 grams of helium or 400 grams of argon?

Accepted Answer

The molar mass of helium is 4 g/mol, so 80 grams of helium is 20 moles. The molar mass of argon is 40 g/mol, so 400 grams of argon is 10 moles. Therefore, helium contains more moles.

Question 2

You may have noticed that when you get out of a swimming pool and stand dripping wet in a light breeze,you feel much colder than you feel after you dry off.Why is this?

Accepted Answer

When water evaporates from the surface of your skin, it requires heat energy to do so. This heat energy is taken from your body, causing you to feel colder. The process of evaporation has high latent heat of vaporization, which means it requires a large amount of heat to convert liquid water into water vapor. This heat is taken from your body, which makes you feel colder. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

Question 3

Which of the following is a FALSE statement?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a FALSE...

Question 4

If a piece of metal has a hole in it and the metal is heated,how does the area of the hole change?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a piece of metal has a...

Question 5

Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

Bridges may be icier than the road leading up to it because the bridge has both its top and bottom exposed to cold air, whereas only the top surface of the road is in contact with cold air. Thus, the bridge may have experienced more heat loss and may be at a lower temperature, leading to icy conditions.

(Note: A is incorrect as roof insulation does not affect the melting of snow. B is incorrect as wet skin does lead to greater heat loss. D is incorrect as the ice on the coils actually decreases the efficiency of the freezer. E is partially correct, but the vacuum also reduces heat transfer due to conduction and convection.)

Question 6

An ideal gas is heated.If the gas is in a container that prevents its volume from changing,what happens to the pressure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An ideal gas is heated.If the gas...

Question 7

Shown here is a device that can be used to turn a furnace on or off, depending on the temperature sensed by the device. 
-In the figure,the principle underlying the operation of this device is that

Accepted Answer

The device shown in the figure operates based on the principle that different metals have different thermal expansion coefficients. When the temperature changes, the bimetallic strip made of two different metals with different thermal expansion coefficients bends in one direction, causing the switch to turn the furnace on or off. This principle is utilized in many devices, including thermostats and thermal switches. The other options are not correct because they don't explain the operation of the device.

Question 8

If you wanted to know how much the temperature of a particular piece of material would rise when a known amount of heat was added to it,which of the following would be most helpful to know?

Accepted Answer

Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a given mass of a substance by one degree Celsius. Therefore, knowing the specific heat of the material would be most helpful in determining how much the temperature would rise when a known amount of heat is added.

Question 9

An air bubble is formed at the bottom of a lake,and begins rising toward the surface.The air is hotter than the water.If the temperature of the air remains constant as the bubble rises,the volume of the bubble will

Accepted Answer

As the bubble rises, the pressure surrounding it decreases, causing the volume of the bubble to increase. Additionally, since the air in the bubble is hotter than the water, it will expand even more as it rises. Therefore, the volume of the bubble will increase as it rises towards the surface of the lake.

Question 10

An ideal gas inside box A of volume V has a temperature T and contains N molecules.An ideal gas inside box B of volume V/2 has a temperature T/2,and also contains N molecules.In which box is the pressure the highest?

Accepted Answer

The pressure of an ideal gas is given by the equation P = (N * k * T) / V, where N is the number of molecules, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and V is the volume. In this case, both boxes have the same number of molecules and the same temperature, so the pressure will be inversely proportional to the volume. Since box B has half the volume of box A, the pressure in box B will be twice the pressure in box A.

Question 11

The oxygen molecules and the nitrogen molecules at any one place in our atmosphere are at the same temperature.How do the root-mean-square speeds of the two molecules compare?

Accepted Answer

The root-mean-square speed of a gas molecule is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. Since nitrogen (N2) has a lower molar mass than oxygen (O2), nitrogen molecules will have a higher root-mean-square speed at the same temperature.

Question 12

For an ideal gas the internal energy U depends only on

Accepted Answer

According to the ideal gas law, the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on temperature. This is because, in an ideal gas, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules is directly proportional to the temperature. The volume and pressure of an ideal gas can change without affecting the internal energy as long as the temperature remains constant.

Question 13

What measures the average kinetic energy associated with random translational motion of molecules?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What measures the average kinetic energy associated...

Question 14

In the equation pV = nRT,

Accepted Answer

In the equation pV = nRT, 
- P is the pressure of the gas, measured in atmospheres (atm), 
- V is volume of the gas, measured in liters (L), 
- n is the number of moles of the gas, measured in moles (mol), 
- T is the temperature of the gas, measured in kelvin (K), and 
- R is the ideal gas constant, with a value of 0.0821 L atm / mol K, which is the same for all gases.

Therefore, the correct choice is D, as n represents the number of moles of gas in the equation.

Question 15

An ideal gas is held in a container of volume V at pressure P.The rms speed of a gas molecule under these conditions is v.If now the volume and pressure are changed to 2V and 2P,the rms speed of a molecule will be:

Accepted Answer

The rms speed of an ideal gas molecule is given by:
v=√(3kT/m)
where k is Boltzmann's constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and m is the mass of one molecule of the gas.

When the volume and pressure are changed to 2V and 2P, the temperature remains constant. Using the ideal gas law, PV=nRT, and keeping n (the number of gas molecules) and T constant, we find that P/V is also constant. Therefore, if V is doubled and P is doubled, the constant P/V becomes 2P/2V = P/V.

Thus, the rms speed of the gas molecules is proportional to √T/m, and since T is constant and m is also constant, the rms speed does not change. Therefore, the rms speed of a molecule will still be v, and the best choice is C) 2v.

Question 16

In years of heavy snow pack in the mountains it is sometimes desirable to induce early melting of the snow,rather than wait until it all melts suddenly and causes floods.It has been suggested that a way to accomplish this might be to have planes fly over the snow fields and sprinkle them with black soot.What do you think of this idea? Would it work?

Accepted Answer

The black soot would absorb more sunlight, which would increase the temperature of the snow and accelerate the melting process.

Question 17

What is the total translational kinetic energy in a classroom filled with nitrogen at 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa and 20.7ºC? The dimensions of the classroom are 4.60 m × 5.20 m × 8.80 m.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the total translational kinetic energy...

Question 18

A nail penetrates into wood when hammered more easily than the hammer (if it misses the nail)because

Accepted Answer

The pressure is higher for the nail because it has a much smaller surface area compared to the hammer, leading to greater pressure for the same force applied.

Question 19

A flask contains a mixture of argon and neon gases.The root-mean-square speed of the argon gas is determined to be 1210 m/s.What is the root-mean-square speed of the neon gas? The atomic masses are argon,39.95 g/mole;neon,20.18 g/mole.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A flask contains a mixture of argon...

Quiz 12: Thermal Properties of Matter

Which contains more moles of material: 80 grams of helium or 400 grams of argon?

You may have noticed that when you get out of a swimming pool and stand dripping wet in a light breeze,you feel much colder than you feel after you dry off.Why is this?

Which of the following is a FALSE statement?

If a piece of metal has a hole in it and the metal is heated,how does the area of the hole change?

Which of the following is a true statement?

An ideal gas is heated.If the gas is in a container that prevents its volume from changing,what happens to the pressure?

Shown here is a device that can be used to turn a furnace on or off, depending on the temperature sensed by the device. -In the figure,the principle underlying the operation of this device is that

If you wanted to know how much the temperature of a particular piece of material would rise when a known amount of heat was added to it,which of the following would be most helpful to know?

An air bubble is formed at the bottom of a lake,and begins rising toward the surface.The air is hotter than the water.If the temperature of the air remains constant as the bubble rises,the volume of the bubble will

An ideal gas inside box A of volume V has a temperature T and contains N molecules.An ideal gas inside box B of volume V/2 has a temperature T/2,and also contains N molecules.In which box is the pressure the highest?

The oxygen molecules and the nitrogen molecules at any one place in our atmosphere are at the same temperature.How do the root-mean-square speeds of the two molecules compare?

For an ideal gas the internal energy U depends only on

What measures the average kinetic energy associated with random translational motion of molecules?

In the equation pV = nRT,

An ideal gas is held in a container of volume V at pressure P.The rms speed of a gas molecule under these conditions is v.If now the volume and pressure are changed to 2V and 2P,the rms speed of a molecule will be:

What is the total translational kinetic energy in a classroom filled with nitrogen at 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa and 20.7ºC? The dimensions of the classroom are 4.60 m × 5.20 m × 8.80 m.

A nail penetrates into wood when hammered more easily than the hammer (if it misses the nail) because

A flask contains a mixture of argon and neon gases.The root-mean-square speed of the argon gas is determined to be 1210 m/s.What is the root-mean-square speed of the neon gas? The atomic masses are argon,39.95 g/mole;neon,20.18 g/mole.

Quiz 12: Thermal Properties of Matter

Which contains more moles of material: 80 grams of helium or 400 grams of argon?

You may have noticed that when you get out of a swimming pool and stand dripping wet in a light breeze,you feel much colder than you feel after you dry off.Why is this?

Which of the following is a FALSE statement?

If a piece of metal has a hole in it and the metal is heated,how does the area of the hole change?

Which of the following is a true statement?

An ideal gas is heated.If the gas is in a container that prevents its volume from changing,what happens to the pressure?

Shown here is a device that can be used to turn a furnace on or off, depending on the temperature sensed by the device. -In the figure,the principle underlying the operation of this device is that

If you wanted to know how much the temperature of a particular piece of material would rise when a known amount of heat was added to it,which of the following would be most helpful to know?

An air bubble is formed at the bottom of a lake,and begins rising toward the surface.The air is hotter than the water.If the temperature of the air remains constant as the bubble rises,the volume of the bubble will

An ideal gas inside box A of volume V has a temperature T and contains N molecules.An ideal gas inside box B of volume V/2 has a temperature T/2,and also contains N molecules.In which box is the pressure the highest?

The oxygen molecules and the nitrogen molecules at any one place in our atmosphere are at the same temperature.How do the root-mean-square speeds of the two molecules compare?

For an ideal gas the internal energy U depends only on

What measures the average kinetic energy associated with random translational motion of molecules?

In the equation pV = nRT,

An ideal gas is held in a container of volume V at pressure P.The rms speed of a gas molecule under these conditions is v.If now the volume and pressure are changed to 2V and 2P,the rms speed of a molecule will be:

What is the total translational kinetic energy in a classroom filled with nitrogen at 1.01 × 105 Pa and 20.7ºC? The dimensions of the classroom are 4.60 m × 5.20 m × 8.80 m.

A nail penetrates into wood when hammered more easily than the hammer (if it misses the nail) because

A flask contains a mixture of argon and neon gases.The root-mean-square speed of the argon gas is determined to be 1210 m/s.What is the root-mean-square speed of the neon gas? The atomic masses are argon,39.95 g/mole;neon,20.18 g/mole.

What is the total translational kinetic energy in a classroom filled with nitrogen at 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa and 20.7ºC? The dimensions of the classroom are 4.60 m × 5.20 m × 8.80 m.