Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an example of an analogical representation?

Accepted Answer

A big boat is a physical object, not a representation of something else, whereas the other options are representations of other things.

Question 2

Cullen decided not to hire Gavin two minutes after the start of his job interview. Cullen can't explain, even to himself, why; he just had a bad feeling about Gavin. Cullen might feel less bad about making such a rapid decision if he knew that rapid decision making is:

Accepted Answer

Rapid decision making is often considered adaptive because it allows individuals to make quick judgments that can be beneficial in situations where time is limited or when relying on intuition and past experiences.

Question 3

Anjilit is participating in a neuropsychology study. She is asked to close her eyes and imagine her best friend's face. When she does this, the brain scan will show activity in the areas of the brain involved in ____________ her friend's face.

Accepted Answer

Imagining her friend's face involves perceiving it in her mind, so the brain scan would show activity in the areas of the brain involved in perceiving faces.

Question 4

A picture of a carrot is an example of a(n) ____________ representation; the word carrot is a(n) ____________ representation.

Accepted Answer

A picture of a carrot is an analogical representation because it directly resembles the physical object it represents. The word carrot, on the other hand, is a symbolic representation because it does not physically resemble the object it represents, but it is a symbol that has been assigned to represent that object.

Question 5

Even though Jim wants to avoid getting the flu, he decides not to get a flu shot because one of his friends had a bad reaction and Jim is afraid that he will have one too. Jim might change his decision if he knew about the influence of ____________ on decision making.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive biases are the errors and distortions that occur in the decision-making process, and they can lead people to make decisions that are not necessarily rational or logical. By learning about the different cognitive biases that can influence decision making, Jim may be more likely to weigh the potential risks and benefits of getting a flu shot in a more objective and informed way, rather than letting his fear of a rare adverse reaction prevent him from taking a preventive measure that could ultimately be beneficial for his health.

Question 6

Why do people use cognitive biases in their thinking even though using them can result in bad decisions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do people use cognitive biases in...

Question 7

For which of the following things would it be difficult to form an analogical representation?

Accepted Answer

The moon, being a natural satellite made of rock and dust, does not have a clear analogical representation that can be easily compared to other things.

Question 8

The easternmost part of the state of Texas, around the city of Paris, has a point rising more north than the rest of the state. When people draw Texas, they almost always draw the border as a straight line. It is not that these folks want to kick Paris, Texas, out of the state, it is just that:

Accepted Answer

This is a common cognitive error known as the "rectangularization tendency." People tend to simplify irregular shapes into more regular forms, such as drawing the Texas border as a straight line even though it has a bump around Paris.

Question 9

Their 5-year-old nephew asks Hallel and Hamdi what an aardvark looks like. Hallel finds a picture in a children's book about animals and shows it to him. Hamdi finds a description in the encyclopedia and uses it to describe an aardvark. Hallel's approach is similar to using a(n) ____________; Hamdi's approach is similar to using a(n) ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Their 5-year-old nephew asks Hallel and Hamdi...

Question 10

Kosslyn and his colleagues found that visual imagery is associated with activity in the primary visual cortex, which contains the perception-related areas of the brain. This means that images are ____________ perceptions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kosslyn and his colleagues found that visual...

Question 11

Analogical representations ____________ correspond to characteristics of the object that they represent. Symbolic representations ____________ correspond to characteristics of the object that they represent.

Accepted Answer

Analogical representations do correspond to characteristics of the object they represent, while symbolic representations do not.

Question 12

After Hurricane Katrina, many people became afraid during rain storms, even though it was unlikely that the storm would become serious. These people are experiencing the phenomenon known as:

Accepted Answer

Dread risk refers to the fear of rare but catastrophic events, which can lead to heightened anxiety and fear even in situations where the actual risk is low, such as rainstorms after experiencing a hurricane.

Question 13

Cognition can be described as:

Accepted Answer

Cognition refers to mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, problem solving, and decision making, which involve representing and processing information. Therefore, option C is the best choice as it most accurately describes cognition.

Question 14

When David first moved to Austin he had to rely on the GPS in his car. Over time, David found that he could navigate the city without using his GPS. David must have developed a ____________ of the city.

Accepted Answer

A mental representation is a cognitive map or mental map of a place or concept. David developed a mental representation of the city of Austin which allowed him to navigate without the use of a GPS. Symbolic representation is the use of abstract symbols to represent something else. A prototype is an example that embodies the most typical or essential characteristics of a concept. A set of defining attributes is a set of features that must be present for an object or concept to belong to a particular category. None of these options accurately describe David's situation.

Question 15

When you think of a car, knowledge such as "it is a form of transportation" is ____________; knowledge such as "it has an engine" is ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When you think of a car, knowledge...

Question 16

Georgina has fallen while rock climbing and sustained damage to her primary visual cortex. Which psychological functions would you expect to see impaired in Georgina as a result of her injury?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Georgina has fallen while rock climbing and...

Question 17

Mandy emails her roommate to tell her that she has adopted a kitten. Even though the email says nothing more, Mandy's roommate knows that the kitten will be small, furry, have a tail, purr, meow, drink milk, and need a litter box. Mandy knows all of this because of which memory process?

Accepted Answer

Mandy is using the process of categorization by associating the characteristics of a typical kitten with the new kitten she has adopted.

Question 18

Yang believes that a whale is a fish, because a whale swims. Yang's misconception suggests that he is using a(n) ____________ model for the fish category.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Yang believes that a whale is a...

Question 19

Even though Vince sits with Hannah in class, he asks Ruiz to be his study partner, because Ruiz works harder than Hannah. In thinking about this decision, Vince used which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

Vince's decision to choose Ruiz as a study partner is based on the goal of performing well in an exam, as Ruiz's hard work is likely to contribute to better exam preparation.

Question 20

Why is categorization an efficient way of thinking?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is categorization an efficient way of...

Quiz 8: Thinking and Intelligence