Question 1

When information in memory is held for 15 to 25 seconds,it is called

Accepted Answer

The period of time mentioned (15 to 25 seconds) falls within the duration of short-term memory, which typically holds information for up to 30 seconds before it is either forgotten or transferred to long-term memory. Sensory memory holds information for only a fraction of a second, while sequential memory is not a commonly used term in psychology. Therefore, A) short-term memory is the best choice.

Question 2

Memory is traditionally viewed in terms of three sequential components,including which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The three sequential components of memory are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Autobiographical memory and muscle memory are types of long-term memory, while sequential memory is not a traditional component of memory studied in psychology.

Question 3

Mary looks at the phone number of her favorite pizza restaurant for a few seconds,and then walks into the other room to call to order.Mary remembers the phone number in its correct sequence.Mary is taking advantage of

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory allows individuals to retain information for a short period, such as remembering a phone number long enough to dial it.

Question 4

When developmentalists looked at the two kinds of intelligence,fluid and crystallized,to determine if intelligence continues to grow,slow,or decline with age,they determined that

Accepted Answer

Developmentalists have found that fluid intelligence, which refers to the ability to reason and solve new problems, tends to decline with age. However, crystallized intelligence, which refers to knowledge and skills gained through experience, tends to hold steady and can even improve with age. This means that while some aspects of intelligence may decline with age, others can continue to develop and improve.

Question 5

Intelligence that reflects information processing capabilities,reasoning,and memory is called

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to reason and solve novel problems, independent of any prior knowledge or experience. It involves tasks such as pattern recognition and abstract reasoning, and is thought to be primarily based on neurological processes in the brain. On the other hand, crystallized intelligence refers to the knowledge and skills that are acquired through education and experience, such as vocabulary and cultural knowledge. Verbal intelligence and perceptual intelligence are not recognized terms in mainstream psychology.

Question 6

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,numeric ability tends to increase until the

Accepted Answer

According to K. Warner Schaie's research, numeric ability tends to increase until the mid-40s, then declines slightly until age 60, and then stays fairly steady throughout the remainder of adulthood. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Question 7

Based upon longitudinal studies,a different developmental pattern for intelligence was revealed that showed

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based upon longitudinal studies,a different developmental pattern...

Question 8

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,verbal ability rises until about the start of the _______ and stays fairly steady throughout life.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,verbal ability...

Question 9

Alice is a 52-year-old typist working in the same law firm as 28-year-old Juliet.Both are considered excellent at their jobs,even though Alice is older and has some delay in her reaction time.What is it that permits Alice to perform her job the same as Juliet?

Accepted Answer

Selective optimization is a process whereby an individual compensates for declines in one area (in this case, reaction time) by focusing more on another area (in this case, looking further into the material). This allows Alice to perform her job just as well as Juliet, despite her age-related decline in reaction time. Option A is incorrect because there is no evidence to suggest that Alice is given less challenging work, and Option B is incorrect because the question stated that both Alice and Juliet are considered excellent at their jobs. Option D is not relevant to the question.

Question 10

Intelligence that represents the accumulation of information,skills,and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations is called

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to knowledge and skills that are acquired through education and experience. It includes an individual's vocabulary, general knowledge, and understanding of math, science, and social studies. This type of intelligence increases with age and experience.

Question 11

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,inductive reasoning,spatial orientation,perceptual speed,and verbal memory begin to decline very gradually around age

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,inductive reasoning,spatial...

Question 12

What is a likely explanation for the results from cross-sectional studies showing that older people are less likely to score as well as younger subjects on traditional intelligence tests?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional studies can show cohort effects, meaning that differences in test scores between younger and older individuals could be due to differences in life experiences and education rather than age-related declines in cognitive abilities. This is known as the cohort effect.

Question 13

The acquisition of skill or knowledge in a particular area is called

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the acquisition of skill or knowledge in a particular area is expertise. The other options, sensory memory and long-term memory, refer to different types of memory processes, while selective optimization refers to a strategy for maximizing performance by focusing on specific skills or tasks.

Question 14

When information in memory is rehearsed and stored on a relatively permanent basis,it is called

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory refers to the storage of information over an extended period, ranging from minutes to years. It is the relatively permanent type of memory that is retained through rehearsal and repetition.

Question 15

When Walter devotes attention and practice to completing tax returns,and has gained experience in that area,he is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Walter's devotion and experience in completing tax returns demonstrates his expertise in that area. Expertise refers to the ability to perform well in a specific domain due to extensive knowledge, skills, and experience acquired over time.

Question 16

Which of the following affects whether or not a person develops expertise?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following affects whether or...

Question 17

The process by which people concentrate on particular skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas is called

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question is selective optimization, which refers to the way in which people focus on certain skills or abilities to make up for declines or losses in other areas, particularly in the context of aging. The other options - expertise, sensory memory, and long-term memory - are not directly related to this particular process.

Question 18

The initial,momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant,and is raw and meaningless,is called

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is the initial, momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant and is raw and meaningless.

Question 19

One reason why brain functioning begins to change in middle adulthood is that

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found that there is a decrease in the functioning efficiency of the 20 genes that are vital to learning, memory, and mental flexibility as early as age 40. This leads to changes in brain functioning in middle adulthood. It is not necessarily related to inadequate self-care or busyness. While stress may affect brain functioning, it is not the primary reason for changes in middle adulthood.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding memory loss in middle-aged people?

Accepted Answer

Memory loss in middle-aged individuals can often be misattributed to aging when, in fact, the level of absent-mindedness might have been consistent throughout their lives. This choice acknowledges the complexity of memory issues without overgeneralizing the experience of middle-aged people.

Quiz 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood