Question 1

The state of self-absorption in which the world is viewed as focused on oneself is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Adolescent egocentrism is a characteristic of adolescence where the individual experiences a heightened self-consciousness and an intense preoccupation with their own thoughts, feelings, and experiences. This results in the belief that the world revolves around them, also known as self-absorption, and can lead to difficulties in social interactions and relationships. Formal operational thought disorder and schizophrenia are mental disorders, and fantasy is a form of imagination and escapism, none of which describe the state of self-absorption.

Question 2

Which of the following is a reason why children from a lower socioeconomic status (SES)do not do as well in school as children from middle or high SES?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that children from low SES groups often attend inadequate or low-performing schools, which can negatively impact their academic achievement. This can include a lack of resources, experienced teachers, and access to advanced courses. Factors such as poverty, unstable home lives, and lack of parental support can also contribute to lower academic performance. Options A, B, and D are not supported by research and are considered to be myths about the achievement gap.

Question 3

Fifteen-year-old Lawrence thought he had prepared for his final exams;however,when he got his scores he was disappointed.Rather than reviewing the areas of the test where he did not fare so well,Lawrence confronted his teacher with a verbal lashing and accused the teacher of being "out to get" him.Lawrence's behavior could be considered an example of

Accepted Answer

Lawrence's behavior demonstrates adolescent egocentrism - the belief that others are constantly watching and evaluating them, and the tendency to believe that their own experiences and opinions are unique and more important than those of others. This is a normal aspect of adolescent development, but it can lead to self-centered behavior and misunderstandings in relationships. It is not necessarily a psychological disorder or a manifestation of formal operational thought disorder.

Question 4

According to Piaget,the stage at which people develop the ability to think abstractly is called the

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development identifies four stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The formal operational stage typically begins around age 12 and lasts through adulthood. This stage is characterized by abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning, and the ability to understand complex concepts and theories. Therefore, the answer is C - formal operational stage.

Question 5

The model of development that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in,use,and store information is called

Accepted Answer

The information processing perspective is a model of development that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and store information. It emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes such as attention, perception, memory, and problem-solving. Options A and C refer to specific stages of development within Piaget's theory of cognitive development, while option B is a broad term that includes various aspects of memory such as short-term, long-term, and sensory memory. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 6

Which of the following is a factor to consider regarding the gap in educational achievement between U.S.students and other students around the world?

Accepted Answer

The diversity of the U.S. student population can make it more difficult to ensure educational achievement on a national level. Other countries may have more homogeneous and affluent student bodies, which can make it easier to achieve high levels of educational attainment. The other options, such as lack of care for education or low literacy rates among female students, are not accurate or comprehensive explanations for the gap in educational achievement.

Question 7

Which of the following students is likely to demonstrate the greatest academic achievement?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that Asian Americans tend to have higher academic achievement than other racial and ethnic groups. This is often attributed to cultural values that emphasize the importance of education and prioritizing academics. However, it is important to recognize that individual factors such as socioeconomic status, family support, and access to resources can also greatly impact academic achievement.

Question 8

When an adolescent's newly sophisticated metacognitive capability enables him/her to construct elaborate scenarios about others' thoughts,this is known as

Accepted Answer

This is known as adolescent egocentrism, which refers to an adolescent's tendency to view the world from their own perspective and believe that others are constantly thinking about them or evaluating them. They are able to construct elaborate scenarios about others' thoughts because of their newly sophisticated metacognitive capability.

Question 9

While Piaget proposed that formal operational thought is not fully settled in until around 15 years of age,evidence suggests that some people never fully employ formal operational thinking.Studies show that only _________ of college students and adults achieve formal operational thinking,and other estimates run as low as _____.

Accepted Answer

Studies indicate that only 40% to 60% of college students and adults achieve formal operational thinking, with some estimates suggesting that the number could be as low as 25%.

Question 10

According to Piaget,what do adolescents employ during the formal operational stage of development that helps them reason differently than children in the concrete development stage?

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that adolescents in the formal operational stage employ propositional thought, or the ability to reason in abstract and hypothetical ways, which is not yet developed in children in the concrete operational stage. The prefrontal cortex, additionally myelinated neurons and trial and error experience may be important factors in cognitive development, but they are not specifically cited by Piaget as contributing to the differences in reasoning between adolescents and younger children.

Question 11

Adolescents who engage in risky behaviors such as not using condoms when engaging in sexual activity and driving recklessly when drunk are exhibiting

Accepted Answer

The personal fable is the belief that one is unique and invulnerable, leading to reckless behavior such as not using condoms or driving recklessly after drinking.

Question 12

Piaget proposed that children reach the formal operational stage of development around age

Accepted Answer

Piaget proposed that children reach the formal operational stage around age 12. In this stage, individuals are able to think abstractly, use logic to solve problems, and think hypothetically. They are also capable of understanding complex systems and ideas. This stage marks the transition from childhood to adolescence.

Question 13

Which of the following terms relates to the knowledge that people have about their own thinking processes,and their ability to monitor their cognition?

Accepted Answer

Metacognition refers to the knowledge and awareness that individuals have about their own thinking and cognitive processes, including their ability to monitor and regulate their thought processes. Multi-tasking and memory are related to cognitive processes, but do not specifically relate to awareness of one's own thinking. Formal operational thought is a stage of cognitive development described by Piaget.

Question 14

The view held by some adolescents that what happens to them is unique,exceptional,and shared by no one else is called

Accepted Answer

The view held by some adolescents that what happens to them is unique, exceptional, and shared by no one else is called "personal fable," which is a type of adolescent egocentrism. This belief leads adolescents to feel misunderstood and isolated, increasing their desire for privacy and their tendency to take risks. The imaginary audience involves the belief that they are constantly being observed and judged by others, not that their experiences are unique. Formal operation thought disorder is a term that does not exist.

Question 15

Which of the following countries' students have the highest academic achievement in math and science in the world?

Accepted Answer

Finland's students have consistently ranked as top performers in international assessments of math and science, such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).

Question 16

Egocentrism leads to a distortion in thinking: the notion that one's experiences are unique.This may lead the adolescent to develop

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism during adolescence may lead to the development of a personal fable, in which an individual believes that their experiences and beliefs are special, unique, and not understood by others. This can lead to risk-taking behaviors and an inflated sense of self-importance.

Question 17

Sally,age 16,primps in front of every mirror she comes across,and believes that she is the focus of everyone's attention-even fictitious observers.Sally is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Sally's behavior is consistent with the imaginary audience phenomenon, which is a component of adolescent egocentrism. Adolescents often believe that they are the focus of everyone's attention, including fictional observers, and may spend a significant amount of time and effort trying to manage their self-presentation. This is a normal aspect of adolescent development, and as they mature, they learn to separate their own thoughts and feelings from the perspectives of others.

Question 18

Because independent measures of achievement,such as SAT scores,have not risen in the past decade,but overall grades in school have risen over the past decade,the most likely explanation for this is

Accepted Answer

The fact that overall grades in school have risen over the past decade despite no increase in independent measures of achievement suggests that instructors have become more lenient in grading and are awarding higher grades for the same level of performance, known as "grade inflation."

Question 19

Which of the following is a term that relates to an adolescent's belief that his or her own behavior is unique and a primary focus of others' attentions and concerns?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a term...

Question 20

According to information processing explanations of cognitive development during adolescence,one of the most important reasons for advances in mental abilities is the growth of

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to information processing explanations of cognitive...

Quiz 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence