Question 1

Which of the following is not a reason employers have begun to replace strikers with permanent replacements during an economic strike?
A) Mergers, downsizing, and companies going out of business provided trained workers.
B) High unemployment caused workers to cross picket lines.
C) The only effective weapon a company has against a strike is to keep operating.
D) Companies hope to prevent being a target of a rolling strike.

Accepted Answer

The concept of a "rolling strike" (where workers strike in a rotating fashion across different locations or departments to maximize impact while minimizing risk to their own jobs) is not directly related to the reason employers replace strikers with permanent replacements. Employers typically replace workers to maintain operations, due to the availability of a labor force willing to work, and as a strategy to exert pressure on striking workers, not specifically to prevent rolling strikes.

Question 2

Services available through the FMCS include:
A) Mediation.
B) Fact-finding.
C) Arbitration.
D) Picketing.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

In final offer arbitration, a party will most likely make its final offer as reasonable and fair as possible because:
A) The arbitrator may fine them for not negotiating in good faith.
B) The arbitrator may ask for another more reasonable proposal.
C) If the other side's proposal appears to be more reasonable, it has a greater chance of being chosen.
D) The FMCS will be brought in to mediate.

Accepted Answer

In final offer arbitration, the arbitrator must choose between the final offers presented by each party and cannot propose a compromised settlement. Therefore, each party will try to make their final offer as reasonable and fair as possible to increase the likelihood of it being chosen by the arbitrator. If the other side's proposal appears to be more reasonable, it may have a greater chance of being chosen. The other options (A, B, and D) are incorrect because the arbitrator cannot fine a party for not negotiating in good faith in final offer arbitration, the arbitrator does not ask for another proposal, and the FMCS is not necessarily involved in the process.

Question 4

Which of the following pressure tactics wound not be used when negotiating?
A) The bite
B) Chicken
C) Highball/lowball
D) Good guy/bad guy

Accepted Answer

The bite is not a commonly used pressure tactic in negotiations. It is an aggressive and physical act that is not appropriate in a professional setting. The other choices (B, C, D) are all common pressure tactics used in negotiations.

Question 5

"Telescabbing," a labor relations term born during the 1983 AT&T strike, refers to:
A) Calling in scab nonunion labor.
B) Calling in scab union labor.
C) Using military labor to replace striking employees.
D) Using automated equipment to replace striking employees.

Accepted Answer

Using automated equipment to replace striking employees.

Question 6

________ is the introduction of a neutral third party into collective bargaining when the union and management are unable to reach an agreement.
A) Mediation
B) Interest arbitration
C) Final offer arbitration
D) Mediation-arbitration

Accepted Answer

Mediation involves a neutral third party who helps the union and management reach an agreement by facilitating communication and offering suggestions, but without imposing a decision.

Question 7

Any portion of the contract that conflicts with state or federal law is declared null and void without affecting other provisions is which of the following?
A) Lateral bid
B) Jurisdictional strike
C) Job bidding
D) Separability clause

Accepted Answer

The phrase "conflicts with state or federal law" indicates that the clause in question is a separability or severability clause. This clause specifically states that if any portion of the contract violates the law, then only that portion will be deemed null and void, without affecting the other provisions of the contract.

Question 8

Which of the following people is not likely to be a member of the labor negotiating team?
A) City Mayor
B) Chief shop steward
C) Business agent
D) International union representative

Accepted Answer

The City Mayor is typically not included in the labor negotiating team as they are not directly involved in the collective bargaining process between the employer and the union representing the workers. The other options listed (chief shop steward, business agent, and international union representative) are all common members of a labor negotiating team.

Question 9

Unlawful means of conducting a strike include which of the following?
A) Sit-down strike
B) Wilddog strike
C) Stakeout
D) Picketing

Accepted Answer

A sit-down strike is unlawful because it involves employees remaining in the workplace but refusing to work, which can be seen as a form of trespassing.

Question 10

Pressure bargaining assumes that a party will agree if:
A) Threatened by members of the other team.
B) The negotiations are forced to arbitration.
C) The public puts pressure on both sides.
D) It costs more to disagree than to agree.

Accepted Answer

Pressure bargaining assumes that a party will agree if it costs more to disagree than to agree. Therefore, the best choice is D. Threats, arbitration, and public pressure may put pressure on the party, but they will not necessarily result in agreement.

Question 11

Suggested attributes of the successful negotiator include which of the following?
A) Is not too firm.
B) Lets emotions known.
C) Holds firm - less flexible.
D) Sets clear objectives.

Accepted Answer

The successful negotiator should set clear objectives before entering into a negotiation. This allows them to stay focused and work towards achieving their goals. Being too firm or less flexible can hinder the negotiation process, while letting emotions known can also be counterproductive.

Question 12

The costs of an economic strike, which the union must carefully evaluate, would usually include:
A) Use of the union strike fund.
B) Increase of public support.
C) Increasing wages and benefits.
D) No workers being replaced.

Accepted Answer

The use of the union strike fund is a cost that must be carefully evaluated by the union before deciding to go on strike. This fund is used to provide financial support to striking workers who may face financial hardship during the strike. Evaluating the amount of money in the fund and how long it can sustain workers during a strike is critical in deciding whether or not to go on strike.

B, C, and D are not relevant costs of an economic strike that the union needs to evaluate. They are potential benefits or outcomes of the strike, rather than costs. For example, an increase in public support or wages and benefits may be a desired outcome of the strike, but they are not costs that need to be evaluated before deciding to strike. Likewise, the possibility of workers not being replaced is a potential benefit of a strike, but not a cost.

Question 13

The first tactics of the principled negotiations strategy is to:
A) Use threats of economic action to increase leverage against the other side.
B) Separate the people from the merits of issues presented and focus on the merits.
C) Come to the table with a laundry list of demands.
D) Separate the people from the proposals and focus on the people and their perceptions.

Accepted Answer

The principled negotiations strategy, as outlined in "Getting to Yes" by Fisher and Ury, emphasizes separating the people from the problem to focus objectively on the merits of the issues presented, rather than getting entangled in personal issues or emotions. This approach encourages negotiators to address the problem directly while maintaining a cooperative relationship with the other party.

Question 14

Mandatory bargaining items include:
A) Christmas bonuses.
B) Café prices.
C) Preferential hiring.
D) Hot Cargo Clause.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mandatory bargaining items include:
A) Christmas bonuses.
B) Café...

Question 15

Which of the following would be considered a permissive subject by the NLRB?
A) Indemnity Bonds
B) Paid holidays
C) Pension
D) Hours of employment

Accepted Answer

Indemnity Bonds are considered a permissive subject of bargaining by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). This means that while parties may choose to negotiate over indemnity bonds, neither party is compelled to do so under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).

Question 16

An ultimate test of strength in the negotiation process is:
A) The company's profits and union size.
B) The union's ability to strike and the company's ability to withstand a strike.
C) The union's national affiliate and the company's home office.
D) Also known as the mark of crisis.

Accepted Answer

The ability to strike and withstand a strike is a significant factor in the negotiation process as it can severely impact the company's operations and profits, as well as the union members' livelihoods. This is often considered the mark of crisis in labor-management relations. The other options may have an impact on the negotiation process but are not as directly related to determining the ultimate test of strength.

Question 17

To communicate effectively during negotiations, one party can demonstrate that it is listening to the other by:
A) Being engaged.
B) Leaving the room.
C) Asking them to repeat their statement.
D) Asking for time to review outside material pertinent to the issue.

Accepted Answer

Being engaged in the conversation and actively listening to the other party shows that one is interested in their perspective and wants to understand their position. This helps to build rapport and establish trust during negotiations.

Answer: D
 Asking for time to review outside material can show that one values the importance of factual information to make informed decisions. It also demonstrates a level of seriousness and thoughtfulness in the negotiation process.

Therefore, the best choices are A and D.

Question 18

Which of the following U.S. strikes was best known for outsourcing?
A) 1996 General Motors
B) 1981 PATCO
C) 1982 NFL
D) 1986 Steel industry

Accepted Answer

The 1996 General Motors strike was notably centered around issues of outsourcing. Workers protested against the company's decision to outsource parts production to independent suppliers outside the company, which they feared would lead to job losses and lower wages.

Question 19

Under the National Labor Relations Act, an "unfair labor practice strike" could be called to:
A) Air any employee grievance.
B) Protest an employer's alleged discrimination against a union official.
C) Affect the economic package of a contract under negotiation.
D) Affect the noneconomic package of a contract under negotiation.

Accepted Answer

An "unfair labor practice strike" is specifically called to protest actions by the employer that are considered unfair labor practices, such as discrimination against union officials or members. This type of strike is not about negotiating contract terms, whether economic or noneconomic, but rather about addressing violations of the National Labor Relations Act.

Question 20

Which of the following would not constitute a legal strike?
A) Sit-down strike
B) Wildcat strike
C) Work slowdown partial strike
D) Mass force

Accepted Answer

Mass force is not considered a legal form of strike because it involves the use of physical force or violence, which is against the law in the context of labor disputes. Strikes are meant to be peaceful forms of protest.

Quiz 5: The Negotiation Process

Which of the following is not a reason employers have begun to replace strikers with permanent replacements during an economic strike?

Services available through the FMCS include:

In final offer arbitration, a party will most likely make its final offer as reasonable and fair as possible because:

Which of the following pressure tactics wound not be used when negotiating?

"Telescabbing," a labor relations term born during the 1983 AT&T strike, refers to:

________ is the introduction of a neutral third party into collective bargaining when the union and management are unable to reach an agreement.

Any portion of the contract that conflicts with state or federal law is declared null and void without affecting other provisions is which of the following?

Which of the following people is not likely to be a member of the labor negotiating team?

Unlawful means of conducting a strike include which of the following?

Pressure bargaining assumes that a party will agree if:

Suggested attributes of the successful negotiator include which of the following?

The costs of an economic strike, which the union must carefully evaluate, would usually include:

The first tactics of the principled negotiations strategy is to:

Mandatory bargaining items include:

Which of the following would be considered a permissive subject by the NLRB?

An ultimate test of strength in the negotiation process is:

To communicate effectively during negotiations, one party can demonstrate that it is listening to the other by:

Which of the following U.S. strikes was best known for outsourcing?

Under the National Labor Relations Act, an "unfair labor practice strike" could be called to:

Which of the following would not constitute a legal strike?