Question 1

In the Strange Situation Test,a securely attached child will show some distress when the parent leaves the room,seek proximity,comfort,and contact upon reunion,and then gradually return to play.

Accepted Answer

This is what is typically observed in securely attached children during the Strange Situation Test.

Question 2

It has been shown that training programs can reverse older adults' decline in some cognitive abilities; disuse,rather than decay,may be responsible for deficits in intellectual performance that are not related to processing speed.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that cognitive training programs can actually reverse older adults' decline in certain cognitive abilities. It has also been suggested that disuse, rather than decay, may be responsible for some deficits in intellectual performance that are not related to processing speed.

Question 3

Children in the stage of concrete operations have typically mastered what Piaget called "conservation."

Accepted Answer

Children in the stage of concrete operations have typically mastered the concept of conservation, which is the understanding that certain physical characteristics of objects (such as their quantity, mass, and volume) remain the same even when their outward appearance changes. Piaget pointed out that children typically begin to develop this ability around the age of 7 or 8.

Question 4

According to Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky,children absorb knowledge from their social context,though a process of internalization.

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the role of social interaction and cultural context in child development. He believed that children learn through interactions with others and by internalizing the knowledge and skills they observe and receive from their social environment.

Question 5

With respect to parenting styles,researchers have identified the "indulgent" style as generally most beneficial.

Accepted Answer

Researchers generally do not identify any one style as universally "most beneficial," as different parenting styles may be more effective or appropriate for different children and situations. The indulgent style, which involves high levels of warmth and low levels of control, has been linked to some positive outcomes but also to increased risk for problematic behaviors and outcomes in some cases.

Question 6

In the nativist view of Jean-Jacques Rousseau,development occurs as a result of the stimulation people receive as they are nurtured,an approach known as empiricism.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. In the nativist view of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, development occurs as a result of innate, genetically determined factors. The approach known as empiricism emphasizes the role of environmental stimulation in development.

Question 7

Environmental factors such as malnutrition,infection,radiation,or drugs can prevent the normal formation of organs and body structures.Such factors are most likely to have adverse effects during the last few months of pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors are most likely to have adverse effects during the first trimester when organogenesis occurs, as this is when the major organs and structures are forming.

Question 8

According to linguist Noam Chomsky,children are born with mental structures that facilitate the comprehension and production of language.

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky's theory of Universal Grammar suggests that humans are born with innate knowledge of the rules and principles of language, which allows for the acquisition and use of language from the earliest stages of development.

Question 9

The major body of research supports the conclusion that your brain will work differently as you age,the changes in functions reflect compensation and distraction with respect to day-to-day cognitive tasks.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects the current understanding of age-related changes in brain function based on research.

Question 10

The visual systems of newborns are comparable to those of adults,with infants showing good sensitivity to contrast,visual acuity,colour discrimination,and depth perception almost immediately after birth.

Accepted Answer

Newborns have underdeveloped visual systems; their visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color discrimination, and depth perception improve significantly over the first few months of life.

Question 11

Children's speech during the two-word stage has been characterized as "telegraphic" because it is filled with short,simple sequences using mostly nouns and verbs.

Accepted Answer

During the two-word stage, children's speech is characterized as "telegraphic" because they use short, simple sequences consisting mainly of nouns and verbs.

Question 12

With respect to normal cognitive development,object permanence takes place during the second half of Piaget's concrete operational stage.

Accepted Answer

Object permanence develops during the sensorimotor stage, which occurs from birth to about 2 years of age, not during the concrete operational stage.

Question 13

Technically speaking,sex differences are sets of behaviours and attitudes associated by society with being male or female and expressed publicly by the individual.

Accepted Answer

Sex differences refer to biological differences between males and females, while gender differences involve societal roles and behaviors associated with being male or female.

Question 14

In the theory of Jean Piaget,accommodation refers to the process of restructuring or modifying cognitive structures so that new information can fit into them more easily.

Accepted Answer

Accommodation in Piaget's theory involves modifying cognitive structures to incorporate new information, so option A is true.

Question 15

Crystallized intelligence usually shows a greater decline than fluid intelligence as people become elderly.

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence, which involves knowledge and skills acquired over a lifetime, tends to remain stable or even improve with age, whereas fluid intelligence, which involves problem-solving and reasoning abilities, typically declines as people age.

Question 16

Developmental psychologists make a distinction between __________ age,the number of months or years since a person's birth,and __________ age,the age at which most people show the particular level of physical or mental development that is demonstrated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Developmental psychologists make a distinction between __________...

Question 17

An elderly adult is more likely to have difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds,even though speaking voices increase in pitch with aging.

Accepted Answer

As we age, the structure of the ear changes, which affects our ability to hear high-frequency sounds. This condition is known as presbycusis, and it is common in older adults. However, the pitch of speaking voices does not increase significantly with aging, so this statement is inaccurate.

Question 18

If you were a participant in a developmental study that was using a __________ design,you would expect to be repeatedly observed and tested over time,often for many years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you were a participant in a...

Question 19

According to Jean Piaget,the basic building blocks of developmental change are called __________.They are the mental structures that enable individuals to interpret the world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Jean Piaget,the basic building blocks...

Question 20

Erik Erikson identified four stages in the life cycle,culminating in a crisis characterized as "trust vs.mistrust."

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson identified eight stages in the life cycle, with "trust vs. mistrust" being the first stage, not the culmination.

Quiz 11: A: Human Development Across the Life Span