Question 1

Pairing the US and CS is essential for _______ to occur.
A)extinction
B)classical conditioning
C)operant conditioning
D)shaping

Accepted Answer

Pairing the US (unconditioned stimulus) with the CS (conditioned stimulus) is the essential process for classical conditioning to occur. Classical conditioning refers to the learning process in which an organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus, resulting in a behavioral response.

Question 2

Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning,the one the organism learns to respond to is the:
A)UCS.
B)UCR.
C)CS.
D)CR.

Accepted Answer

The CS (conditioned stimulus) is the neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response after being paired with the UCS (unconditioned stimulus). The organism learns to respond to the CS through association with the UCS. The UCR (unconditioned response) is the automatic response elicited by the UCS, which occurs naturally without any prior training or conditioning. The CR (conditioned response) is the learned response that is elicited by the CS after being paired with the UCS.

Question 3

In classical conditioning,one must pair the _______ before conditioning can occur.
A)UCS and CR
B)UCS and CS
C)CR and CS
D)UCR and CR

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves pairing an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) with a neutral stimulus, which will eventually become the conditioned stimulus (CS). Therefore, the UCS and the CS must be paired before conditioning can occur. Option B correctly identifies this pairing as necessary. Option A makes the mistake of including the conditioned response (CR), which is not necessarily present before conditioning. Option C reverses the order of the UCS and CS. Option D includes the unconditioned response (UCR), which is a natural response to the UCS and is not itself involved in the process of conditioning.

Question 4

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the presentation of the meat was the _______.
A)unconditioned stimulus
B)unconditioned response
C)conditioned stimulus
D)conditioned response

Accepted Answer

The presentation of the meat is the unconditioned stimulus because it is a stimulus that naturally triggers a physiological response without any prior learning. In this case, the natural response is salivation.

Question 5

In classical conditioning,the stimulus that normally evokes an automatic response even without new learning is called the:
A)conditioned stimulus.
B)reflexive stimulus.
C)unconditioned stimulus.
D)orienting stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is the stimulus that normally evokes an automatic response without prior learning. It is the "natural" stimulus that triggers an unlearned reflex response. For example, the smell of food (UCS) naturally triggers salivation (unconditioned response) in dogs without any conditioning.

Question 6

Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's Lane.When Bobby kissed Sue,his breathing accelerated.Sue always wore Chanel No.5 when she went out with Bobby.Whenever Bobby smelled Chanel No.5,he began to breathe faster.Sue's kiss was the:
A)UCS.
B)UCR.
C)CS.
D)CR.

Accepted Answer

Sue's kiss was the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) that naturally caused Bobby's breathing to accelerate without prior conditioning.

Question 7

Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's Lane.When Bobby kissed Sue,his breathing accelerated.Sue always wore Chanel No.5 when she went out with Bobby.Chanel No.5 is the:
A)UCS.
B)UCR.
C)CS.
D)CR.

Accepted Answer

Chanel No.5 is the conditioned stimulus (CS) because it is associated with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), which is the feeling of being kissed by Bobby. The conditioned response (CR) would be Sue's reaction to the smell of Chanel No.5, which may be increased heart rate or other physiological response. Bobby's accelerated breathing in response to the kiss is the unconditioned response (UCR) because it is an automatic response that is not learned.

Question 8

As she walked through her neighbourhood,Jodie,a 6-year-old girl,frequently saw a large brown dog.She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it but,as her hand approached the animal,it barked and bit her.The bite was painful and caused her to cry.Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any colour or size.The sight of dogs is the:
A)UCS.
B)CS.
C)UCR.
D)CR.

Accepted Answer

The sight of dogs has become a conditioned stimulus (CS) that elicits a fear response (CR) in Jodie. The dog biting her was an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that produced an unconditioned response (UCR) of pain and crying, but now the sight of dogs alone (CS) elicits the fear response (CR).

Question 9

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the ringing of the bell was the _______.
A)unconditioned stimulus
B)unconditioned response
C)conditioned stimulus
D)conditioned response

Accepted Answer

The ringing of the bell was initially a neutral stimulus that had no effect on the dog's behavior. However, after being paired with the presentation of meat, the bell became a conditioned stimulus that elicited a conditioned response (salivation) in the dog. Therefore, the correct answer is C, conditioned stimulus.

Question 10

When Luke kisses Laura,her heart rate increases.Luke always wears Old Spice after shave.Whenever Laura smells Old Spice,her heart races.Laura's increased heart rate when Luke kissed her was the:
A)unconditioned stimulus.
B)unconditioned response.
C)conditioned stimulus.
D)conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Luke kisses Laura,her heart rate increases.Luke...

Question 11

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice after shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart raced.Luke's kiss was the:
A)unconditioned stimulus.
B)unconditioned response.
C)conditioned stimulus.
D)conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke...

Question 12

Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's Lane.When Bobby kissed Sue,his breathing accelerated.Sue always wore Chanel No.5 when she went out with Bobby.Bobby's faster breathing rate when he smells Chanel No.5 is the:
A)UCS.
B)UCR.
C)CS.
D)CR.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's...

Question 13

Paul is coming down with the flu,but he eats spaghetti anyway and subsequently becomes violently ill.A month later he sees that spaghetti is being served in the dining hall and is overcome by nausea.What type of learning is illustrated by this episode?
A)operant conditioning
B)cognitive learning
C)latent learning
D)classical conditioning

Accepted Answer

This is an example of classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus (spaghetti) becomes associated with an unconditioned response (illness), leading to a conditioned response (nausea). The nausea is a learned response to the sight/smell/taste of spaghetti, which has become a conditioned stimulus.

Question 14

As she walked through her neighbourhood,Jodie,a 6-year-old girl,frequently saw a large brown dog.She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it but,as her hand approached the animal,it barked and bit her.The bite was painful and caused her to cry.Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any colour or size.Jodie's crying when she sees dogs is the:
A)UCS.
B)CS.
C)UCR.
D)CR.

Accepted Answer

Jodie's crying when she sees dogs is the conditioned response (CR) as it is a learned response that occurs after the association between the neutral stimulus (dogs) and the unconditioned stimulus (painful bite) has occurred.

Question 15

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice after shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice thereafter,her heart raced.Old Spice after shave was the:
A)unconditioned stimulus.
B)unconditioned response.
C)conditioned stimulus.
D)conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

In this scenario, the unconditioned stimulus is the kiss between Luke and Laura which led to Laura's increased heart rate (unconditioned response). After repeated exposure to the scent of Old Spice after shave (conditioned stimulus), Laura's heart rate began to increase (conditioned response). Therefore, the conditioned stimulus is Old Spice after shave.

Question 16

In classical conditioning,one must be sure to pair the:
A)US and CS.
B)US and UR.
C)CS and CR.
D)CS and UR.

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) must be paired consistently with the unconditioned stimulus (US) in order for the conditioned response (CR) to be learned. Therefore, the correct answer is A - pairing the US and CS. Option B is incorrect because the UR is an automatic response to the US and is not learned through classical conditioning. Option C is incorrect because the CR is the response to the CS after it has been paired with the US. Option D is incorrect because the UR is the automatic response to the US, and it cannot be conditioned to occur in response to the CS.

Question 17

As she walked through her neighbourhood,Jodie,a 6-year-old girl,frequently saw a large brown dog.She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it but,as her hand approached the animal,it barked and bit her.The bite was painful and caused her to cry.Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any colour or size.In the example,the dog's bark and bite is the:
A)UCS.
B)CS.
C)UCR.
D)CR.

Accepted Answer

The dog's bark and bite is the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) because it naturally and automatically triggers a response (crying) without any prior learning.

Question 18

Classical conditioning:
A)is primarily concerned with reflexes.
B)is primarily concerned with involuntary responses.
C)is passive.
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is concerned with reflexes and involuntary responses, and it is a passive process where the organism learns by associating two stimuli. Therefore, option D, "all of the above," is the best answer.

Question 19

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice after shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart would race.Laura's increased heart rate when she smelled Old Spice was the:
A)unconditioned stimulus.
B)unconditioned response.
C)conditioned stimulus.
D)conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

The initial stimulus that caused Laura's heart rate to increase was the kiss from Luke (unconditioned stimulus) and her resulting increased heart rate was the unconditioned response. However, over time, she associated the smell of Old Spice with Luke and kissing him, which caused her heart rate to increase even without him being present. Therefore, the smell of Old Spice became a conditioned stimulus and Laura's increased heart rate in response to the smell became the conditioned response.

Question 20

Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's Lane.When Bobby kissed Sue,his breathing accelerated.Sue always wore Chanel No.5 when she went out with Bobby.Bobby's accelerated breathing when he and Sue kissed is the:
A)UCS.
B)UCR.
C)CS.
D)CR.

Accepted Answer

The UCR (unconditioned response) is the natural response without any conditioning. Bobby's accelerated breathing is the UCR to the UCS (unconditioned stimulus) of kissing. Since the acceleration of breathing is a natural response to kissing, it cannot be a CS (conditioned stimulus) or a CR (conditioned response). Therefore, the correct option is B.

Quiz 7: Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

Pairing the US and CS is essential for _______ to occur.

Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning,the one the organism learns to respond to is the:

In classical conditioning,one must pair the _______ before conditioning can occur.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the presentation of the meat was the _______.

In classical conditioning,the stimulus that normally evokes an automatic response even without new learning is called the:

Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's Lane.When Bobby kissed Sue,his breathing accelerated.Sue always wore Chanel No.5 when she went out with Bobby.Whenever Bobby smelled Chanel No.5,he began to breathe faster.Sue's kiss was the:

Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's Lane.When Bobby kissed Sue,his breathing accelerated.Sue always wore Chanel No.5 when she went out with Bobby.Chanel No.5 is the:

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the ringing of the bell was the _______.

When Luke kisses Laura,her heart rate increases.Luke always wears Old Spice after shave.Whenever Laura smells Old Spice,her heart races.Laura's increased heart rate when Luke kissed her was the:

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice after shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart raced.Luke's kiss was the:

Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's Lane.When Bobby kissed Sue,his breathing accelerated.Sue always wore Chanel No.5 when she went out with Bobby.Bobby's faster breathing rate when he smells Chanel No.5 is the:

Paul is coming down with the flu,but he eats spaghetti anyway and subsequently becomes violently ill.A month later he sees that spaghetti is being served in the dining hall and is overcome by nausea.What type of learning is illustrated by this episode?

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice after shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice thereafter,her heart raced.Old Spice after shave was the:

In classical conditioning,one must be sure to pair the:

Classical conditioning:

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice after shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart would race.Laura's increased heart rate when she smelled Old Spice was the:

Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's Lane.When Bobby kissed Sue,his breathing accelerated.Sue always wore Chanel No.5 when she went out with Bobby.Bobby's accelerated breathing when he and Sue kissed is the: