Question 1

Who advised her lawmaker husband to think more about the rights of women than his ancestors had?

Accepted Answer

Abigail Adams, the wife of John Adams, advised him to "remember the ladies" and to consider their rights and interests in the new government being formed during the American Revolution.

Question 2

Who wrote On Crimes and Punishments and espoused that legal systems should be reformed and incorporate the rehabilitation of offenders?

Accepted Answer

On Crimes and Punishments was written by Cesare Beccaria, who argued for the reform of legal systems to incorporate rehabilitation of offenders. The other options, Voltaire, Paine, Rousseau, and Smith, were influential thinkers during the Enlightenment, but did not specifically write about criminal justice reform in the same way that Beccaria did.

Question 3

Who wrote Emile and The Social Contract in 1762?

Accepted Answer

Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote both Emile and The Social Contract in 1762.

Question 4

Jacques-Louis David's art,such as the Oath of the Horatii,exemplified

Accepted Answer

Jacques-Louis David's art exemplified neoclassical realism, which is characterized by the use of classical forms and subjects to convey a sense of rational order and clarity. The Oath of the Horatii depicts a scene from ancient Rome and is an excellent example of this style.

Question 5

Who is credited with beginning the movement known as the Great Awakening?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who is credited with beginning the movement...

Question 6

Who rebuked his countrymen for tolerating slavery even while they were calling for their own freedom from monarchical authority?

Accepted Answer

Thomas Paine, in his essay "African Slavery in America," rebuked his countrymen for tolerating slavery while they were calling for their own freedom from monarchical authority. He argued that the contradiction between fighting for freedom and owning slaves was hypocritical and unjust.

Question 7

Who participated in a literary debate at the beginning of the eighteenth century as leader of the "moderns," a group that believed the future could be better than the past?

Accepted Answer

Bernard de Fontenelle was the leader of the "moderns" in the literary debate at the beginning of the eighteenth century. He believed that the future could be better than the past, which was the main belief of the "moderns" group.

Question 8

The term "Enlightenment" was coined by

Accepted Answer

The term "Enlightenment" was first used by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant in his essay "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?" published in 1784.

Question 9

In what way was Mozart typical of composers of his day?

Accepted Answer

Many composers of Mozart's day, including other famous composers such as Haydn, Bach, and Beethoven, supported themselves by playing for private families and courts.

Answer: B
 While not all composers of Mozart's day were child prodigies, it was not uncommon for musicians to show musical talent at a very young age. Additionally, many composers did die relatively early in life by modern standards due to factors such as poor health care and living conditions.

Answer: C
 Mozart is known for being highly prolific and composing quickly, which was also true for many composers of his day.

Answer: D
 Many composers of Mozart's day, including Mozart himself, were able to earn a living from composing and performing.

Answer: E
 This statement is false. Mozart composed a variety of pieces including operas, symphonies, and chamber music in addition to religious pieces.

Question 10

Which of the following individuals was NOT a champion of women's rights during the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was not a champion of women's rights during the Enlightenment. In fact, his views on women were often criticized for being oppressive and limiting. He famously wrote in his book "Emile" that "The general rule is that men are naturally superior to women", and his views on education included the idea that women should be taught only enough to be good wives and mothers.

Question 11

During the eighteenth century,there was limited tolerance for religious minorities except in which countries?

Accepted Answer

England and the Netherlands were known for their relatively high levels of religious tolerance during the eighteenth century. In contrast, countries like Spain and France had limited tolerance for religious minorities, often enforcing strict policies of religious conformity. Portugal, while not mentioned in the other answer choices, also did not have a reputation for tolerating religious minorities during this time period.

Question 12

What is the hands-off approach to economic development called?

Accepted Answer

The hands-off approach to economic development is known as laissez-faire, which means "let it be" in French. This approach emphasizes minimal government intervention in the economy and instead allows market forces to determine prices, wages, and production levels.

Question 13

During the Enlightenment,a salon was an)

Accepted Answer

A salon was a gathering of intellectuals, often hosted in a wealthy woman's home, where they would discuss art, literature, philosophy, and politics. It was a place where ideas were exchanged and debated, and where new ideas could be developed. Salons played an important role in the dissemination of Enlightenment thinking throughout Europe.

Question 14

Who authored The Wealth of Nations,a groundbreaking work of political economy?

Accepted Answer

The Wealth of Nations was written by Adam Smith, and is considered a groundbreaking work in the field of political economy.

Question 15

Arguing that the deprivation of the majority was good for order,who wrote that "all students of politics agree that when the common people are too well off it is impossible to keep them peaceable"?

Accepted Answer

The statement about the deprivation of the majority being good for order aligns with the political philosophy of Cardinal Richelieu, a powerful figure in 17th century France. He believed in maintaining a strong central authority and limiting the power of the aristocracy and common people. This quote is consistent with his view that the masses should be kept in check to prevent social unrest.

Question 16

What writer criticized the constraints of society by declaring "Man is born free and everywhere is in chains"?

Accepted Answer

This quote is from Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who was known for his criticism of the constraints placed on individuals by society and government.

Question 17

Although Olympe de Gouges promoted radical ideas on a number of subjects,she was conservative in her views of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although Olympe de Gouges promoted radical ideas...

Question 18

Which thinker of the seventeenth century influenced Deists and Enlightenment thinkers by carrying forward the Reformation idea that sacred texts should be carefully subjected to reason and analysis?

Accepted Answer

Spinoza was known for his critical analysis of the Bible and rejection of traditional religious beliefs. His ideas about the use of reason and analysis in understanding sacred texts were influential among Deists and Enlightenment thinkers.

Question 19

Who edited the Encyclopedia,a distillation of science and Enlightenment ideas?

Accepted Answer

Denis Diderot was the main editor of the Encyclopedia, also known as the Encyclopédie, which was a collection of articles that aimed to distill and disseminate science and Enlightenment ideas. While other prominent Enlightenment figures may have contributed articles to the Encyclopedia, Diderot was the driving force behind its creation and development.

Question 20

Which ruler used the ideas of the Enlightenment to improve the efficiency of the Russian government?

Accepted Answer

Catherine the Great used the ideas of the Enlightenment to improve the efficiency of the Russian government, specifically implementing policies such as religious toleration and education reforms. The other rulers listed, while also known for reforms and modernization efforts, did not as heavily rely on Enlightenment ideas in their governance.

Quiz 16: The Age of Enlightenment: Rationalism and Its Uses