Question 1

To improve his deficit, Jeremiah's non-affected limb was constrained, forcing him to use the affected limb. This therapy is called
A) constraint-applied therapy.
B) constraint-induced movement therapy.
C) restraint therapy.
D) restraint-applied therapy.
E) forced movement therapy.

Accepted Answer

The therapy described is specifically referred to as "constraint-induced movement therapy" (or CIMT). This involves constraining the non-affected limb to encourage the use and improvement of the affected limb. Choices A and D are similar but use different wording. Choice C is not accurate as it implies a more passive approach to therapy. Choice E is not a commonly used term for this type of therapy.

Question 2

A researcher explains aspects of post-traumatic stress disorder as an example of general laws that apply to all people. This situation fits
A) generalization.
B) reductionism.
C) separatism.
D) functionalism.
E) validity.

Accepted Answer

The researcher is using an example of PTSD to illustrate general laws that apply to all people, which is a form of generalization.

Question 3

A neuroscientist removes the eyes of a frog to determine if the frog will still respond to light and dark in the environment. This experiment would be an example of
A) generalization.
B) reductionism.
C) separatism.
D) functionalism.
E) validity.

Accepted Answer

This experiment is an example of reductionism, as it involves isolating and manipulating one specific aspect of the frog's sensory system (sight) to study its effect on behavior.

Question 4

Ancient Greek culture before Hippocrates considered the ________ to be the seat of thought and emotion.
A) gut
B) heart
C) brain
D) pineal gland
E) stomach

Accepted Answer

Ancient Greek culture considered the heart to be the seat of thought and emotion, not the brain. This is reflected in their language where the word for heart, "kardia," also referred to one's character and innermost self.

Question 5

Imagine that you now experience such an overly strong fear of dogs that you refuse to leave your house for fear of encountering a dog. A learning theorist would suggest that the roots of your fear can be attributed to past classical conditioning, in which you associated the sight and sound of a dog with some aversive experience. This type of explanation would involve the process of
A) rationalization.
B) pseudoscience.
C) reductionism.
D) generalization.
E) dualism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that you now experience such an...

Question 6

Research in neuroscience should focus on
A) reductionism, generalization, and functionalism.
B) reductionism.
C) generalization.
D) functionism.
E) evolution.

Accepted Answer

Research in neuroscience often focuses on reductionism (breaking complex phenomena into their simplest parts), generalization (applying findings from specific studies to broader contexts), and functionalism (understanding the purpose of brain functions). These approaches help in comprehensively understanding the brain's structure, functions, and development.

Question 7

Your textbook author asserts that the primary function of the brain is to
A) allow us to appreciate art and music.
B) allow for the experience of emotions.
C) control movement.
D) create memories of our experiences.
E) interpret our sensory experiences.

Accepted Answer

The primary function of the brain is to control movement, as it is essential for survival and interaction with the environment. Other functions like interpreting sensory experiences, creating memories, and experiencing emotions are also important but are secondary to the fundamental role of movement control.

Question 8

________ is the belief that the mind and body are separate entities.
A) Contralateral neglect
B) Monism
C) Blindsight
D) Dualism
E) Animism

Accepted Answer

Dualism is the belief that the mind and body are separate entities, with the mind or soul having a separate existence from the physical body. This philosophy has been debated for centuries in fields such as philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience.

Question 9

Generalization is to __________, whereas reductionism is to __________.
A) identify general rules that govern behavior across multiple organisms; identify simple causes of complex behaviors
B) identify simple causes of complex behaviors; identify general rules that govern behavior across multiple organisms
C) organize data in terms of general rules; identify the smallest piece of a neuron
D) identify the smallest piece of a neuron; organize data in terms of general rules
E) organize data in terms of general rules; identify general rules that govern behavior across multiple organisms

Accepted Answer

Generalization involves identifying general rules that apply across multiple organisms or situations, while reductionism involves reducing complex behaviors to simpler causes or components.

Question 10

"You can't teach an old dog new tricks" was commonly believed, since it was assumed that neurons cannot be generated past a certain age. Recent research, however, suggests that _______________ is less limited than previously thought.
A) neurogenesis
B) brain grafting
C) connectionism
D) collateral sprouting
E) neural migration

Accepted Answer

Neurogenesis refers to the generation of new neurons. While it was previously believed that neurons can't be generated past a certain age, recent research has shown that neurogenesis is less limited than previously thought. Therefore, this is the best choice for the blank. Options B, C, D, and E are irrelevant to the concept of neuron generation and migration.

Question 11

A scientist who holds a monistic philosophy would be comfortable with which of the following statements?
A) The universe is a mental construction.
B) The left hemisphere of the brain is the location of the mind.
C) The mind is not composed of matter.
D) Everything is made of matter and energy.
E) The body is physical whereas the mind is spiritual.

Accepted Answer

A scientist who holds a monistic philosophy believes that everything in the universe is made up of matter and energy, and there is no separation between mind and body. Therefore, choice D is the most appropriate statement for a scientist holding a monistic philosophy. Choices A, B, C, and E involve a dualistic view of reality and therefore are not compatible with the monistic philosophy.

Question 12

The key deficit suffered by Jeremiah in the chapter vignette was _______________ caused by _____________.
A) excessive movements; seizures
B) impaired movements; seizures
C) excessive movements; stroke
D) impaired movements; stroke
E) visual difficulties; stroke

Accepted Answer

The key deficit suffered by Jeremiah in the chapter vignette was impaired movements caused by stroke.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is consistent with the monistic view of the mind-body question?
A) Mind and body are separate.
B) The body can influence the mind through the actions of the pineal gland.
C) The mind is spiritual, while the body is made from matter.
D) The mind can exist apart from the body.
E) The mind is generated through the physical actions of the brain.

Accepted Answer

The monistic view holds that the mind and body are not separate entities, and that the mind is generated through the physical actions of the brain. This view is also known as physicalism or materialism. Option E is the statement that is consistent with this view.

Question 14

The mind-body question
A) asks about the nature of the mind and the body.
B) was originally posed by neuroscientists.
C) has been solved.
D) usually involves choosing a dualistic view.
E) is no longer relevant to behavioral neuroscience.

Accepted Answer

The mind-body question is all about understanding the relationship between the mind and the body. It is a philosophical question that has been debated by scholars from various fields, such as psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy.

Question 15

You notice that your roommate has difficulty sleeping after consuming heavily caffeinated drinks. You know from your courses that caffeine can stimulate brain neurons that produce arousal (and that such arousal disturbs sleep function). If you suggest to your roommate that his/her insomnia reflects the action of caffeine on brain function, your explanation would involve the process of
A) reduction.
B) superordinate causality.
C) generalization.
D) induction.
E) falsification.

Accepted Answer

Reduction involves explaining a complex phenomenon in terms of its simpler, more fundamental components. In this case, the complex phenomenon of insomnia is being explained by the simpler, fundamental action of caffeine on brain function.

Question 16

Constraint-induced movement therapy involves
A) using both limbs to perform complex tasks.
B) constraining the patient's stroke-affected limb to promote rewiring of the brain.
C) constraining the patient's non-affected limb to promote rewiring of the brain.
D) engaging in whole body movements.
E) repeated physical therapy on both limbs.

Accepted Answer

Constraint-induced movement therapy involves constraining the patient's stroke-affected limb to increase use and promote rewiring of the brain. This is done through repetitive exercises and tasks that involve the affected limb. The non-affected limb is not typically constrained in this therapy.

Question 17

A scientific explanation of a complex phenomenon that is cast in terms of a simpler one involves the process of
A) rationalization.
B) falsification.
C) generalization.
D) deduction.
E) reduction.

Accepted Answer

The process of explaining a complex phenomenon in terms of a simpler one is known as reduction. This involves breaking down the complex phenomenon into smaller, more manageable pieces that can be understood and explained using simpler concepts and principles. For example, complex systems in physics can be modeled and understood using simpler mathematical equations and principles of mechanics.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is correct?
A) Reduction uses complicated processes to explain simple ones.
B) The goal of reduction is to predict a phenomenon under study.
C) Generalization and reduction are important tools in science.
D) Scientists only use reductionistic explanations.
E) Most scientific studies use on-human experimental subjects.

Accepted Answer

Generalization and reduction are important tools in science. Reduction is the process of breaking down complex phenomena into simpler parts for better understanding, while generalization involves drawing broader conclusions from specific observations or experiences. Both are essential in scientific research, as they help scientists generate hypotheses, develop theories, and make predictions about the natural world. However, reduction alone cannot fully capture the complexity of natural phenomena, and generalizations must be tested through experimentation and observation.

Question 19

The author of the first psychology text was ________ and the text was entitled ________.
A) Rene Descartes; A Primer of Psychology
B) Sigmund Freud; Dream Interpretation After Cocaine Ingestion
C) Neil Carlson; Foundations of Physiological Psychology
D) Luigi Galvani; Frog Legs and Psychologic Function
E) Wilhelm Wundt; Principles of Physiological Psychology

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is considered the father of modern psychology and his 1874 publication, Principles of Physiological Psychology, is widely regarded as the first psychology textbook.

Question 20

________ represent explanations used by all scientists.
A) Generalizations
B) Falsifications
C) Hallucinations
D) Syllogisms
E) Rationalizations

Accepted Answer

Generalizations are explanations used by all scientists to explain patterns or phenomena observed in nature. They are based on empirical evidence and are subject to testing and modification as new evidence emerges. Falsifications may be used to disprove a theory or hypothesis, but they are not a general explanation used by all scientists. Hallucinations and rationalizations are not valid scientific explanations at all, and syllogisms may be used in deductive reasoning, but they are not a fundamental part of scientific explanation.

Quiz 1: Introduction

To improve his deficit, Jeremiah's non-affected limb was constrained, forcing him to use the affected limb. This therapy is called

A researcher explains aspects of post-traumatic stress disorder as an example of general laws that apply to all people. This situation fits

A neuroscientist removes the eyes of a frog to determine if the frog will still respond to light and dark in the environment. This experiment would be an example of

Ancient Greek culture before Hippocrates considered the ________ to be the seat of thought and emotion.

Research in neuroscience should focus on

Your textbook author asserts that the primary function of the brain is to

________ is the belief that the mind and body are separate entities.

Generalization is to , whereas reductionism is to .

"You can't teach an old dog new tricks" was commonly believed, since it was assumed that neurons cannot be generated past a certain age. Recent research, however, suggests that _______________ is less limited than previously thought.

A scientist who holds a monistic philosophy would be comfortable with which of the following statements?

The key deficit suffered by Jeremiah in the chapter vignette was ___ caused by _.

Which of the following statements is consistent with the monistic view of the mind-body question?

The mind-body question

Constraint-induced movement therapy involves

A scientific explanation of a complex phenomenon that is cast in terms of a simpler one involves the process of

Which of the following statements is correct?

The author of the first psychology text was and the text was entitled .

________ represent explanations used by all scientists.