Question 1

Two people who galvanized the civil rights movement in 1955 were

Accepted Answer

Emmett Till was a 14-year-old African American boy who was brutally murdered in Mississippi in 1955, which helped spark the civil rights movement. Rosa Parks also played a significant role, as she refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus in December 1955, leading to a boycott that lasted over a year, and ultimately resulted in the desegregation of buses. Together, Till and Parks helped to bring attention to the injustices and inequalities faced by African Americans, and galvanized the civil rights movement.

Question 2

While human agency is important, we should not minimize the power of the structures that subordinate people, making change difficult or, at times, impossible.

Accepted Answer

Human agency and individual actions can make a difference in changing social structures, but it is important to recognize the impact of those structures and systems that continue to undermine and marginalize certain groups of people. These structures of power and inequality are often deeply ingrained and resistant to change, making it challenging for individuals or even groups to effect large-scale transformation. By acknowledging the role of structures in shaping our lives and opportunities, we can better understand the complexities of social change and work towards more equitable systems.

Question 3

The first documented execution of a slave who dared to revolt against his master was

Accepted Answer

Gabriel Prosser was a slave who planned a rebellion with his brothers and other slaves in Richmond, Virginia in 1800. The plan was discovered before it could be carried out, and Prosser and several other slaves were executed as a result. This event is considered one of the most significant slave uprisings in American history.

Question 4

When human beings cope with, adapt to, and change social structures to meet their needs, whether as individuals acting alone or with others, these actions constitute voluntarism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When human beings cope with, adapt to,...

Question 5

The 1896 Supreme Court case of Plessy v. Ferguson reaffirmed

Accepted Answer

The Plessy v. Ferguson case reaffirmed the constitutionality of "Jim Crow" laws, which enforced racial segregation in public spaces. The case established the "separate but equal" doctrine, which allowed for segregation as long as the separate facilities were deemed equal in quality. This decision had a significant impact on civil rights in the United States and was later overturned by the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954.

Question 6

The Supreme Court ruling ________ was a setback for women's equality in sports.

Accepted Answer

The Grove City v. Bell ruling stated that Title IX, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in educational programs receiving federal funding, only applied to specific programs and activities that received funding, rather than to the entire institution. This allowed schools to discriminate against female athletes in certain areas, such as facilities or coaching, if those specific areas were not funded through Title IX. This ruling was a setback for women's equality in sports because it allowed for continued discrimination and unequal treatment.

Question 7

The power society holds over its members versus the power of social actors to change society is referred to as the agency-structure dichotomy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The power society holds over its members...

Question 8

Human agency refers to the process of shaping social life by coping with, adapting to, and changing social structures.

Accepted Answer

Human agency is the ability of individuals and groups to exert power and influence to shape social life, including coping with existing social structures, adapting to new ones, and changing those structures to better fit their goals and values.

Question 9

Political struggles at the micro level are illustrated by

Accepted Answer

Political struggles can arise in any context where there are competing interests and power dynamics. Work situations, neighborhoods, and church organizations are all examples of micro-level contexts where individuals or groups may engage in political struggles over resources, decision-making power, or other issues.

Question 10

While ________ was prohibited from racial discrimination, ________ was segregated during World War II.

Accepted Answer

During World War II, the defense industry was prohibited from racial discrimination due to Executive Order 8802, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941. However, the military itself was still segregated at this time, with separate units for black and white soldiers.

Question 11

According to Bill Gilbert and Nancy Williamson (1973), the sharpest example of discrimination operated against

Accepted Answer

Bill Gilbert and Nancy Williamson (1973) found that the sharpest example of discrimination operated against female athletes.

Question 12

Blacks were freed from slavery and given certain rights through the ________ Amendment(s) to the Constitution.

Accepted Answer

The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and the Fifteenth Amendment prohibited the denial of the right to vote based on race or color. Together, these amendments were significant in granting rights to formerly enslaved Blacks.

Question 13

Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972 was a result of the effort of

Accepted Answer

Title IX was a result of the effort of the National Organization for Women (NOW), which advocated for gender equality in education and worked to address issues of sex discrimination in schools and universities.

Question 14

Society, which many consider to be sacred and therefore unchangeable, is a political creation and it can, therefore, not be reconstructed.

Accepted Answer

Society is a social construct, not a political one, and can be reconstructed through various means such as social movements, policy changes, and cultural shifts. Many societies throughout history have undergone significant reconstruction, such as the abolishment of slavery, the women's suffrage movement, and the civil rights movement.

Question 15

A major contribution of the National Organization of Women was

Accepted Answer

The National Organization of Women was founded in 1966 with the goal of helping "to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society in a truly equal partnership with men." One of their main contributions was their lobbying efforts for national legislation to address gender inequities, such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964. While they also worked on issues such as reproductive rights and ending violence against women, their impact on legislation related to gender equality is significant.

Question 16

At the macro level, the most important struggles address issues of

Accepted Answer

The struggle between exploitation and domination is a fundamental issue at the macro level, as it refers to the relationship between those in power and those who are subject to their authority. This can manifest in various forms, such as economic exploitation or political domination, but it is always a struggle for control and power between different groups or classes. Issues of order and disorder, rapid change and gradual change, and resistance and accommodation can be important at the macro level as well, but they are not as fundamental as the struggle between exploitation and domination.

Question 17

One of the most significant movements toward the definition of freedom for black families in the South was

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the most significant movements toward...

Question 18

The Supreme Court ruling that found "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" was the ________ case.

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court ruling that found "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" was the Brown v. Board of Education case. Plessy v. Ferguson upheld segregation in transportation while Dred Scott dealt with issues of citizenship for African Americans. Birmingham, Alabama is a location, not a case.

Question 19

Resistant social movements that seek to reverse change include antiabortion groups, opposition of same-sex marriage movements, and opposition to evolution theory in science classes and the teaching of sex education.

Accepted Answer

Resistant social movements refer to groups that oppose social change and seek to reverse it. Examples of such movements include antiabortion groups, opposition to same-sex marriage, and opposition to evolution theory and sex education.

Question 20

The Black Codes were passed by Southern states and dealt with

Accepted Answer

The Black Codes addressed all of the issues listed in the answer choices, including land ownership by blacks, vagrancy laws aimed at limiting black mobility, and the ability of black laborers to terminate contracts with white landowners. These laws were passed in the aftermath of the Civil War and sought to limit the newly-granted freedoms of African Americans.

Quiz 18: Human Agency: Individuals and Groups in Society Changing Social Structures