Question 1

The nurse teaches a class for the public about diabetes mellitus.Which individual does the nurse assess as being at highest risk for developing diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Being overweight is a major risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus. Although smoking, lack of physical exercise, and excessive alcohol consumption can also contribute to the development of diabetes, obesity is the highest risk factor.

Question 2

Insulin is released when

Accepted Answer

Insulin is released when blood glucose increases. Its main function is to lower blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose in cells.

Question 3

A client has been prescribed exenatide (Byetta).What medication education should the nurse provide? Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Accepted Answer

B,D,E

Question 4

The physician writes orders for the client with diabetes mellitus.Which order would the nurse validate with the physician?

Accepted Answer

Lantus insulin is a long-acting insulin that is typically administered once daily, not twice daily. The nurse should verify with the physician if the dosage or frequency is correct.

Answer: C 
 The combination of Humalog (a rapid-acting insulin) and NPH (an intermediate-acting insulin) in one daily dose is not a common insulin regimen. The nurse should clarify the order with the physician to ensure proper dosing and timing.

Answer: D 
 Metformin is an oral medication that is typically administered twice daily, not once daily. If the physician ordered 1000 mg per day, the nurse should clarify if it should be divided into two equal doses or not.

Therefore, the answer is A.

Question 5

The physician orders insulin lispro (Humalog),10 units for the client.When will the nurse administer this medication?

Accepted Answer

Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that should be administered 5 minutes before a meal to allow for adequate time for the insulin to start working as the client begins eating. This helps to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia. Administering the medication 30 minutes before a meal or 15 minutes after a meal would not be as effective in controlling blood glucose levels. The arrival of meal trays on the floor is not a reliable indicator for medication administration.

Question 6

The nurse has finished teaching a client with diabetes mellitus how to administer insulin.The nurse evaluates that learning has occurred when the client makes which statement?

Accepted Answer

Using a calibrated insulin syringe is important to ensure the correct dose is administered. Checking blood sugar prior to administration is also important, but not the best indicator that learning has occurred. Using the abdominal area only for insulin injections is incorrect as other sites can also be used. Providing direct pressure over the site following injection is important, but not the best indicator that learning has occurred.

Question 7

The mother of a 4-year-old boy states,"I can't believe my son has type 1 diabetes.We eat well and I was so careful during the pregnancy.What could have caused this?" How should the nurse respond? Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The mother of a 4-year-old boy states,"I...

Question 8

The nurse makes a home visit to a client with diabetes mellitus.During the visit,the nurse notes that the client's 3-month supply of insulin vials that were delivered a week ago are not refrigerated.What is the best action by the nurse at this time?

Accepted Answer

Insulin vials need to be refrigerated to maintain their potency. Instructing the client to place the vials in the refrigerator is the best action to preserve the insulin's effectiveness.

Question 9

A client with diabetes mellitus type 1 is found unresponsive in the clinical setting.Which nursing action is a priority?

Accepted Answer

The priority nursing action for an unresponsive client with diabetes mellitus type 1 is to treat the client for hypoglycemia, which is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes. If left untreated, hypoglycemia can lead to seizures, coma, and even death. The other actions may also be necessary, but treating the hypoglycemia is the immediate priority.

Question 10

Which sign or symptom is most typical of an untreated client with type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue is a typical symptom of untreated type 1 diabetes because without insulin, the body cannot properly process glucose for energy. This lack of energy can lead to feelings of fatigue and weakness. Increased energy, weight gain, and decreased hunger are not typical symptoms of untreated type 1 diabetes.

Question 11

The client has type 1 diabetes and receives insulin.He asks the nurse why he can't just take pills instead.What is the best response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Insulin cannot be taken in a pill form because it would be destroyed by the stomach acid.

Question 12

The client receives metformin (Glucophage).What will the best plan by the nurse include with regard to patient education with this drug? Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Accepted Answer

Metformin works by decreasing the production of glucose in the liver and reducing insulin resistance, allowing better use of insulin in the body. This information is important for the patient to understand in order to properly manage their diabetes and medication regimen. Options B, C, and E are not correct as they do not accurately describe the mechanism of action of metformin.

Question 13

A client,newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes,says,"I have heard this is a bad disease.What complications could I have?" How should the nurse respond? Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Accepted Answer

A, C, and D are all accurate statements about potential complications of type 1 diabetes. It is important to provide education about potential complications, while also emphasizing the importance of management and prevention. Option B dismisses the client's concern and does not provide any helpful information. Option E is not a common complication of type 1 diabetes.

Question 14

What is the primary function of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

The primary function of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas is the secretion of hormones, specifically glucagon and insulin. These hormones are involved in regulating blood sugar levels in the body.

Question 15

The client has type 1 diabetes mellitus and receives insulin.Which laboratory test will the nurse assess?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should assess the client's potassium levels because insulin can cause potassium to move from the bloodstream into the cells, causing hypokalemia. It is important to monitor for this potential complication in clients receiving insulin therapy. The other laboratory tests listed are not directly related to insulin therapy or diabetes mellitus management.

Question 16

The client has diabetes type 1 and receives insulin for glycemic control.The client tells the nurse that she likes to have a glass of wine with dinner.What will the best plan by the nurse for client education include?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should educate the client that alcohol can lower blood sugar levels and increase the risk of hypoglycemia. The other options are not accurate or relevant in this scenario.

Question 17

The mechanism of action of regular insulin is to

Accepted Answer

Regular insulin promotes the entry of glucose into the cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels.

Question 18

The client injects his insulin as prescribed,but then gets busy and forgets to eat.What is the nurse's most likely assessment finding?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The client injects his insulin as prescribed,but...

Question 19

A client with diabetes mellitus is taking oral agents,and is scheduled for a diagnostic test that requires him to be NPO (nothing by mouth)and to have contrast dye.What is the best plan by the nurse with regard to giving the client his oral medications?

Accepted Answer

It is important to notify the physician and request orders for the administration of oral medications for a client with diabetes who will be undergoing a diagnostic test with contrast dye and will be NPO. The physician can provide guidance on when and how to administer the medications in order to avoid any potential complications, such as hypoglycemia. Therefore, option B is the best plan.

Question 20

The nurse understands that which of the following drugs falls under the classification of biguanides?

Accepted Answer

Metformin HCI (Glucophage) is a biguanide drug. Repaglinide (Prandin) and Tolbutamide (Orinase) are sulfonylureas and Acarbose (Precose) is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.

Quiz 44: Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus