Question 1

60 According to the text, studies show that about ______ of men over the age of 40 will experience some erectile dysfunction.

Accepted Answer

Studies indicate that about 50% of men over the age of 40 will experience some form of erectile dysfunction, highlighting its prevalence as a common issue among older men.

Question 2

The text cites examples of cross-cultural research about how women experience menopause. In general, these studies suggest that reports of negative symptoms vary ________ from culture to culture, suggesting the importance of __________ factors in explanations.

Accepted Answer

In cross-cultural studies of menopause, results typically reveal that reports of negative symptoms vary widely by culture, as well as among different women of the same culture. Results such as these suggest that menopausal symptoms are the result of not only physical factors but psychological and cultural factors as well.

Question 3

Hormone replacement therapy appears to be involved in increasing a woman's risk of developing all of the following problems EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Hormone replacement therapy is actually intended to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. However, it is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, cardiovascular problems, and several forms of cancer such as endometrial and ovarian cancer.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding changes to bone mass in middle age is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Both men and women begin to experience a loss in bone mass as they approach the end of middle age but the loss is about twice as great in women and occurs more rapidly and as a result, bone fractures are much more common in older women than in older men.

Question 5

If you were to conduct a survey of 100 women who were in the midst of menopause, you should expect that about ____ would report they felt regretful about the cessation of their menstrual cycle.

Accepted Answer

A large national survey of menopausal women recently reported that fewer than 4% indicated feelings of regret over the cessation of their menstrual cycles.

Question 6

If you were to conduct a survey of 100 middle-aged women and asked them a series of questions about what they worry about as they are getting older, you would expect that the largest percentage would respond that they are MOST worried about:

Accepted Answer

Table 14-2 highlights the degree of worry women experience regarding getting older on three issues. A greater percentage of respondents (40.4%) reported worry about increased illness than about being too old to have children or about being less attractive. Most women feel relived about going through menopause.

Question 7

In 1998 in the U. S., about what percentage of women between the ages of 45 and 64 were taking some form of hormone replacement therapy?

Accepted Answer

In 1998, about 33% of women between the ages of 45 and 64 were taking some form of hormone replacement therapy.

Question 8

Women's loss of bone mass accelerates greatly after menopause due in largest part to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

As noted in the text, women's loss of bone mass accelerates greatly after menopause, apparently because of estrogen deprivation.

Question 9

If you were to conduct a survey of 100 women who were in the midst of menopause, you should expect that about ____ would report they felt relief about the cessation of their menstrual cycle.

Accepted Answer

A large national survey of menopausal women recently reported that about half of women reported feeling only relief at the cessation of their menstrual cycles.

Question 10

In comparison to the proportion of women who received a doctor's recommendation to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the late 1990s, you should expect that the proportion today is ______.

Accepted Answer

Because hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has recently been associated with significant health risks as well as benefits, the decision about whether to use HRT is now more questionable than it was previously. Although HRT risks are relatively small for most women, women's health experts now usually recommend that women use these drugs only for the short-term relief of symptoms or to address a severe risk of osteoporosis, if at all.

Question 11

Which of the following terms refers to the loss of bone mass and increased bone fragility?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis is a condition of reduced bone strength due to the loss of bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture. Menopause and climacteric are related to the hormonal changes in women during the aging process, but they do not necessarily involve bone loss. General atrophy refers to the overall wasting or shrinking of body tissues, which may or may not include bone loss.

Question 12

Which of the following is a long-term effect associated with the estrogen loss that accompanies menopause?

Accepted Answer

Vaginal atrophy is a common long-term effect of estrogen loss that occurs during menopause. This is a condition in which the vagina becomes dry and less elastic, leading to discomfort during intercourse and an increased risk for vaginal infections. The loss of estrogen also affects the urinary tract, leading to an increased risk for urinary tract infections and incontinence. Options A, B and C are incorrect as they are not associated with the loss of estrogen during menopause.

Question 13

Patty is close to experiencing menopause and is concerned about the symptoms she will experience. To give her accurate information, her physician might tell her that about _____ of menopausal women report bothersome symptoms:

Accepted Answer

According to research cited in the text, only about 20% of women who experience menopausal symptoms rate them as bothersome.

Question 14

Lucille consults her doctor about osteoporosis. The doctor tells her that her chances of having a bone fracture after age 50 is about ______.

Accepted Answer

According to the text, nearly half of all postmenopausal women over the age of 50 will experience a bone fracture related to osteoporosis.

Question 15

Before menopause, the rate of cardiovascular disease is _______ for men, compared to women; after menopause the rate of cardiovascular disease is ________ for men, compared to women.

Accepted Answer

Estrogen seems to have a protective function against cardiovascular disease for premenopausal women. Women have a much lower rate of cardiovascular disease than men until menopause; then the rate for women rises nearly as high as the male rate.

Question 16

Paula is unable to sleep because she is having frequent and bothersome night sweats resulting from menopause. If she decides to take medicine to help with this symptom, the medicine her physician would most likely prescribe would be:

Accepted Answer

HRT-in the form of either estrogen or progesterone supplements or a combination of the two-helps alleviate symptoms, such as hot flashes and vaginal changes.

Question 17

If you were to conduct a survey of 100 women who were experiencing the symptoms of menopause, you should expect that about ____ of women would report having hot flashes.

Accepted Answer

According to the text, in the United States, about 50-60% of women report hot flashes during menopause.

Question 18

If a woman's probability of having a bone fracture after age 50 is 50%, what is the probability that a man will have a bone fracture after age 50?

Accepted Answer

Men have a much smaller probability of having a bone fracture than women do after the age of 50.

Question 19

According to the research cited in the text, what percent of menopausal women report their symptoms as bothersome?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the research cited in the...

Question 20

Eve is concerned about loss of bone mass because her mother has osteoporosis. She should understand that her loss of bone mass will most likely accelerate considerably after:

Accepted Answer