Question 1

Robin's parents are drug addicts and therefore are unresponsive to her needs. Although they provide enough food for her to eat, they pay little attention to her and she spends most of her time unattended and alone. When Robin goes to kindergarten, the teacher is concerned because she is so small and thin, and she has trouble eating the school lunch without vomiting. The most likely diagnosis for Robin's condition is:

Accepted Answer

In failure-to-thrive syndrome, infants are small for their age and emaciated, they appear sick, and they are unable to digest food properly. Failure-to-thrive can occur as a result of malnutrition, which can be associated with other health concerns. In many cases, however, it appears to be linked to a lack of affection and attention, including poor-quality or nonexistent attachment.

Question 2

Parents should try to create an environment that works with, rather than against, the basic temperament style of the infant.

Accepted Answer

It is important for parents to understand their infant's temperament and adapt their parenting style accordingly, rather than trying to change the infant's basic temperament. This can help promote healthy development and a positive relationship between parent and infant.

Question 3

According to the results of the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, which of the following is NOT a result typically associated with children who spend time in high-quality child care during early childhood?

Accepted Answer

The study found that children in high-quality child care tend to have better language skills, school readiness, and positive interactions, but it did not specifically associate less aggression with high-quality child care.

Question 4

The key word in the text's distinction between child abuse and child neglect is:

Accepted Answer

Child abuse involves physical, emotional, and psychological harm, but these can also be the result of child neglect. Thus, the thing that distinguishes child abuse from child neglect is that it is intentional, rather than the result of unintentional mistreatment of a child.

Question 5

The still-face experiment is typically used to investigate the development of child abuse.

Accepted Answer

The still-face experiment is usually used to investigate early parent-child emotional development, which leads to the development of attachment.

Question 6

If you were concerned that your child would display behavioral problems in later childhood or early adolescence, you might want to select a child care arrangement that did not include:

Accepted Answer

Among fifth and sixth graders followed in the NICHD study, those who were cared for by relatives or in home-based settings appear to experience no greater aggressiveness or social problems than do children cared for by their mothers.

Question 7

According to the text, which of the following social conditions has had the most dramatic effect on fathers' roles?

Accepted Answer

The increase in women's participation in the labor force has had the most dramatic effect on fathers' roles. As more women have joined the workforce, the traditional division of labor within families has shifted, and fathers have had to take on more caregiving and household responsibilities. This has led to new expectations and norms around fatherhood, and has resulted in a greater recognition of the importance of fathers in children's lives.

Question 8

All infants are born with basically the same temperament style.

Accepted Answer

According to research conducted by Thomas and Chess, most children could be placed into one of three different groups, according to their basic style of temperament: easy, difficult, or slow-to-warm-up.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the "big three" elements of effective fatherhood:

Accepted Answer

While providing financial support is important for fathers, it is not considered one of the "big three" elements of effective fatherhood. The three main elements are accessibility (being present and available), engagement (actively being involved in their children's lives), and responsibility (taking responsibility for their actions and providing emotional support).

Question 10

In comparison to the amount of time mothers in typical U.S. two-parent households today spend with their children during the work week, the typical father spends about ___ as much time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In comparison to the amount of time...

Question 11

Suppose your friend is going to place her infant in a high-quality child-care center. She asks you what, if any, negative results might be associated with this arrangement. Based on the results of the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, you suggest that the negative result most likely to occur is that her child may:

Accepted Answer

According to the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, children who spend significant time in child care generally demonstrated more "externalizing problems," such as disobedience and aggressiveness to other children, when they entered school. On the other hand, higher-quality child care predicted greater school readiness at age 41⁄2 as reflected in standardized tests of number skills and language skills.

Question 12

In the United States today, about what percent of children currently receive child care from someone other than their parents?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the United States today, about what...

Question 13

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with children diagnosed with failure-to-thrive syndrome?

Accepted Answer

In failure-to-thrive syndrome, infants are small for their age and emaciated, they appear sick, and they are unable to digest food properly. Such infants typically avoid eye contact by staring in a wide-eyed gaze, turning away, or covering their face or eyes.

Question 14

A child with a slow-to-warm-up temperament has both positive and negative moods, which are usually mild.

Accepted Answer

Children with a slow-to-warm-up temperament are initially cautious about new stimuli and take some time to adjust. They may have both positive and negative moods, but those moods are usually mild.

Question 15

Two-year-old Tommy is referred to a pediatrician because he is small and scrawny and he has trouble digesting food. If Tommy's condition is not the result of malnutrition but rather is linked to child neglect, the most likely diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

In failure-to-thrive syndrome, infants are small for their age and emaciated, they appear sick, and they are unable to digest food properly. Failure-to-thrive can occur as a result of malnutrition, which can be associated with other health concerns. In many cases, however, it appears to be linked to a lack of affection and attention, including poor-quality or nonexistent attachment.

Question 16

Suppose your friend has a baby and expects to return to work. If she asks how much she should plan on spending for childcare, you should note that the typical expense in the United States is about:

Accepted Answer

The text notes that in 2010 the typical expenditure for child care in the United States was $138 per week, but that number is $171 per week for families with a child under age 5. Given that there are about 2 ½ weeks in a month, this equates to a little more than $750 per month.

Question 17

The primary reason that child abuse or neglect is especially damaging when it occurs during the first year of life is that it so often interferes with which of the following developmental events?

Accepted Answer

Child neglect, which is often unintentional, involves the failure of a caregiver to respond to or care for a child. As the book notes, early infant-caregiver attachment is critical to later development and child abuse and neglect interfere with attachment.

Question 18

The typical behavior of a child participating in the still-face experiment is to become distressed.

Accepted Answer

In the still-face experiment, a caregiver is instructed to suddenly stop responding to their child's cues and maintain a still, expressionless face. The child's typical response is to become distressed, with behaviors such as crying, screaming, and attempting to re-engage with the caregiver. This has been observed in numerous studies, indicating that it is a typical and predictable response.

Question 19

Mary Rothbart identified 3 broad dimensions of temperament: hyperactivity, security, and assertiveness.

Accepted Answer

Rothbart did identify 3 dimensions of temperament, but she labeled these as effortful control, negative affectivity, and extroversion.

Question 20

In comparison to the amount of time mothers in typical U.S. two-parent households today spend with their children during the weekend, the typical father spends about ___ as much time.

Accepted Answer