Question 1

When an individual's attitudes do not match up with his/her behaviours,________ is likely to occur.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance occurs when an individual holds inconsistent attitudes, beliefs or thoughts, leading to a feeling of discomfort or tension. This can arise when attitudes and behaviours do not match up, prompting the individual to alter their attitudes or behaviours to reduce the dissonance. Compliance is a situation in which an individual goes along with a request or command, but this is not related to when attitudes and behaviours do not match up. Discrimination and prejudice are forms of negative attitudes towards certain groups but are not directly related to inconsistency between attitudes and behaviours.

Question 2

When she is not at the bar,Jayla preaches to everyone about the dangers of smoking.However,she does smoke an occasional cigarette when she is at the bar with her friends,although at those times she feels somewhat frustrated by her own smoking behaviour.Jayla is likely experiencing ________ when she smokes.

Accepted Answer

Jayla's behavior is inconsistent with her attitude towards smoking, which creates a state of cognitive dissonance. Despite preaching the dangers of smoking, she engages in the behavior herself, leading to feelings of frustration and discomfort.

Question 3

Your friend asks you to borrow $50 from you.You tell him no.Then he asks for a mere $10,which you gladly give him.While you feel good to have helped him out,you may have just experienced the

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes the "door-in-the-face" technique, where an initially large request is made knowing it will likely be refused, followed by a smaller, more reasonable request. The smaller request feels more manageable in comparison, increasing the likelihood of agreement.

Question 4

There are two alternative pathways to persuading others.One leads us to evaluate the merits of the persuasive arguments carefully and thoughtfully.This is known as the

Accepted Answer

The central route is the pathway that involves thoughtful consideration and evaluation of the persuasive arguments presented. This is in contrast to the peripheral route, which relies on cues such as the speaker's credibility or emotional appeals. Therefore, the best choice for the pathway that involves careful evaluation of persuasive arguments is the central route.

Question 5

_____________ occurs when members of a group discuss characteristic attitudes of their group and,as a result,their views become stronger.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____________ occurs when members of a group...

Question 6

Which one of the following activities will NOT reduce cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Continuing the behaviour in spite of the conflicting thoughts does not reduce cognitive dissonance, as it maintains the inconsistency between behaviour and thoughts. The other three activities (changing behaviour, changing thought, and developing new thoughts) all involve reconciling the inconsistency and reducing cognitive dissonance.

Question 7

A local charity sends you return mailing labels and asks you to contribute whatever you can.You go ahead and send $5.A month later,you receive another request,but this time for $10,along with numerous other charities to contribute to.While you feel good that you contributed,you may be experiencing the

Accepted Answer

The charity's initial request for a small donation and the later request for a larger donation is an example of the foot-in-the-door technique, which involves starting with a small request before making a larger one to increase the likelihood of compliance.

Question 8

Cognitive dissonance is

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance refers to the psychological discomfort or tension that arises when a person holds two conflicting thoughts or beliefs. It occurs when a person's actions or beliefs are inconsistent with their values or beliefs about themselves, causing a sense of discomfort or unease. This discomfort motivates people to seek consistency by changing their beliefs or behavior to reduce the dissonance.

Question 9

There are two alternative pathways to persuading others.One leads us to respond to persuasive arguments on the basis of quick judgments.This is known as the

Accepted Answer

The quick judgments pathway is known as the peripheral route, while the central route involves careful consideration of persuasive arguments.

Question 10

Whenever a person has two contradictory cognitions at the same time,a state of _____________ exists.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance occurs when a person holds two or more contradictory beliefs or values, or experiences a conflict between their beliefs and behavior. This can cause mental discomfort or tension, leading the person to try to reduce or resolve the dissonance.

Question 11

The ________ technique involves asking for an unreasonably large request before asking for the small request you are hoping to have granted.

Accepted Answer

The door-in-the-face technique involves asking for an unreasonably large request before asking for the small request you are hoping to have granted. This is done in order to make the smaller request seem more reasonable in comparison.

Question 12

The phenomenon of ________________ explains why meetings between proponents and opponents of an idea often ends with participants having more extreme opinions on the issue than they did before the meeting.

Accepted Answer

Ingroup bias refers to the tendency for people to favor their own group over others, which can lead to more extreme opinions after discussions with like-minded individuals.

Question 13

Miranda received a phone call from a telemarketer for a local charity.The telemarketer asked for a $1000 donation.When Miranda refused,the telemarketer then asked for $25,to which Miranda agreed.This is an example of the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Miranda received a phone call from a...

Question 14

________ involves making a small request before asking for a bigger one.

Accepted Answer

The foot-in-the-door technique involves making a small request before asking for a bigger one. It is based on the idea that people are more likely to comply with a larger request after they have already agreed to a smaller one.

Question 15

Even though Jane thought it was wrong to take from others,she didn't want to be rejected by her peers,so she began shoplifting along with them.Jane probably experienced ___________ when she stole.

Accepted Answer

Jane is experiencing cognitive dissonance, which is the discomfort or psychological stress experienced by a person who holds two or more contradictory beliefs or values at the same time, or is confronted by new information that conflicts with existing beliefs or values. Jane knows that stealing is wrong (a belief), but she wants to fit in with her peers (another belief). This conflict causes her to experience cognitive dissonance.

Question 16

When we experience an unpleasant state of tension between two or more conflicting thoughts,we are experiencing

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance refers to the uncomfortable feeling or tension we experience when we hold two or more conflicting thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes. This occurs because our brain seeks to maintain consistency and harmony in our thoughts and behaviors, and when a conflict arises, we experience cognitive dissonance. This can lead to a change in attitude or behavior in order to alleviate the discomfort, and it is often studied in areas such as persuasion and decision-making.

Question 17

In 1954,Marian Keech convinced her followers that aliens from planet Clarion had sent her a message that the world was coming to an end on December 21,but that they could be saved.When the world did not come to an end,Mrs.Keech and many of her followers reduced cognitive dissonance by

Accepted Answer

Option A is unlikely as believing the aliens played a practical joke would contradict their belief in the aliens' message. Option C is extreme and unlikely to be chosen. Option D is unlikely given the strong cognitive dissonance they would have experienced. Option B is the most plausible as it allows them to maintain their belief system and rationalize their actions as having contributed to saving the planet.

Question 18

Representative Jansen,a U.S.congresswoman,believes in the reproductive rights and welfare of women but voted to ban late-term abortions.Jansen feels very uneasy about the conflict between her beliefs and her behaviour.She is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort that arises from holding contradictory beliefs or engaging in contradictory behaviors. Representative Jansen's belief in reproductive rights for women conflicts with her vote to ban late-term abortions, leading to cognitive dissonance. The other options (A, B, D) do not fit the scenario as well.

Question 19

Which statement best describes an important finding of Milgram's classic research?

Accepted Answer

Milgram's classic research demonstrated that people are highly likely to obey an authority figure even when it goes against their own moral beliefs, and can be led to harm others to a potentially fatal degree. This finding highlights the importance of understanding the power of obedience and authority in social situations.

Question 20

Darnel believes very strongly that large corporations are evil and are destroying America.One day,however,a large corporation releases a new tablet computer that Darnel runs out to buy.When asked about his purchase of a product made by a large corporation,Darnel says,"Well,I suppose not all corporations are evil." Darnel's change in attitude is likely an attempt to

Accepted Answer

Darnel's previous belief that all large corporations are evil created a cognitive dissonance when he purchased a product from a large corporation that he perceived as being good. To reduce the cognitive dissonance, he changed his attitude towards corporations, showing that he now believes that not all corporations are evil.

Quiz 13: B: Social Psychology