Question 1

Visuospatial memory can accurately retain approximately ________ whole objects.
A)four
B)seven
C)ten
D)fifteen

Accepted Answer

According to research, visuospatial memory can accurately retain approximately four whole objects. This is known as the "magic number four" or Miller's Law.

Question 2

Steve was recalling his first day in college,including walking into the wrong class,dropping his books as he left,and the long line at the registrar's office he encountered when he had to switch classes.These memories are examples of
A)semantic memory.
B)nondeclarative memory.
C)procedural memory.
D)episodic memory.

Accepted Answer

These memories involve Steve's personal experiences and are specific to a certain time and place, indicating they are episodic memories.

Question 3

Similar to chunking,the visuospatial process of combining visual features into a single unit is called
A)feature binding.
B)visual buffering.
C)voxel smoothing.
D)sketchpadding.

Accepted Answer

Feature binding is the process of combining visual features like shape, color, and texture into a single object or unit, much like chunking is the process of combining pieces of information into a meaningful whole. Visual buffering refers to the temporary storage of visual information in working memory. Voxel smoothing is a technique used in neuroimaging to reduce noise in brain activity data. Sketchpadding is not a recognized term in cognitive psychology.

Question 4

Because classical conditioning can occur without a person's knowledge,it can be considered one type of ____________ memory.
A)procedural
B)semantic
C)declarative
D)nondeclarative

Accepted Answer

Nondeclarative memory, also known as implicit memory, refers to memories that are not consciously accessible or declarative. Classical conditioning falls under this category because it occurs without a person's conscious awareness or intention. Procedural memory refers to the memory for skills or procedures, such as riding a bike, while semantic memory refers to the memory for general knowledge, such as the capital of a country. Declarative memory, also known as explicit memory, refers to the memory for facts and events that can be consciously recalled and declared, such as personal experiences or historical facts.

Question 5

Which fact does NOT support the idea that the amount of information that can be stored in short-term memory (STM)is determined by the number of chunks?
A)Organizing digits into larger numbers allows people to remember more digits at one time.
B)There is a limit to the number of units of information that can be stored in STM at one time.
C)Chunking can increase the amount of information people can place in STM.
D)Individuals can remember more words from a list of single-syllable words than they can from a list of four- or five-syllable words.

Accepted Answer

Choice D contradicts the idea that the amount of information that can be stored in STM is determined by the number of chunks. It suggests that the length of a word (number of syllables) affects the amount of information that can be stored in STM. Therefore, the amount of information that can be stored in STM is not solely determined by the number of chunks.

Question 6

____________ memories include actions or behaviours that can be remembered and performed without awareness.
A)Declarative
B)Nondeclarative
C)Semantic
D)Episodic

Accepted Answer

Nondeclarative memories are also known as implicit memories and include procedural memories or motor skills that can be performed without conscious awareness. Declarative memories, on the other hand, are explicit memories that involve conscious awareness and knowledge of specific facts and events. Semantic memories refer to general knowledge and concepts, while episodic memories involve personal experiences and events.

Question 7

Telo convinces a woman he finds attractive to give him her telephone number.Unfortunately,the number is ten digits long with the area code,and Telo cannot find a place to write it down.As he looks for a pen and paper,what can Telo do to help him remember the number?
A)Nothing will help because 10 digits is beyond short-term memory capability.
B)Thinking of something else will help Telo.
C)"Chunking" the numbers into fewer units will help Telo.
D)Using his sensory memory will help Telo

Accepted Answer

"Chunking" the 10 digits into fewer units, such as grouping them by area code, prefix, and final four digits, can help Telo remember the number more easily.

Question 8

Most people cannot store the following list of letters in short-term memory. G O T O Y O U R B E D R O O M
However,if the letters are grouped meaningfully into words,they fit short-term's memory span: Go to your bedroom.This illustrates
A)chunking.
B)backward masking.
C)verbal coding.
D)selective attention.

Accepted Answer

Chunking is the process of grouping individual pieces of information into larger, meaningful units. In this example, the letters are chunked into words, which allows them to be more easily stored and retrieved from short-term memory.

Question 9

___________ memories could be called "knowing that" memories,while ____________ memories could be called "knowing how" memories.
A)Procedural;declarative
B)Nondeclarative;procedural
C)Declarative;nondeclarative
D)Nondeclarative;declarative

Accepted Answer

Declarative memories are memories of facts and events, which can be consciously recalled and stated, hence "knowing that" memories. Nondeclarative memories, on the other hand, are memories for skills and habits, which are not consciously recalled, but rather expressed through performance, hence "knowing how" memories. Therefore, the best choice is C, with declarative and nondeclarative as the two categories of memories.

Question 10

Loni is asked to memorize the letters I K T E A L N in no particular order.She memorizes them by reorganizing them into the words INK and LATE.This tactic is called
A)cueing.
B)shadowing.
C)rote rehearsal.
D)chunking.

Accepted Answer

Chunking is the tactic of grouping information into meaningful units to aid in memorization. In this case, Loni grouped the letters into the words INK and LATE, which helped her remember them more easily.

Question 11

The terms "muscle memory" and "motor memory" are synonymous with which type of memory?
A)procedural memory
B)episodic memory
C)classically conditioned memory
D)sensory memory

Accepted Answer

Muscle memory and motor memory both refer to the ability to perform specific physical movements automatically and without conscious effort. This type of memory is called procedural memory, which is the memory of how to do things like riding a bike or typing on a keyboard.

Question 12

In the Brown-Peterson test,subjects read a trigram (an unpronounceable series of three letters),and are then asked to count backwards by threes from a given number.What is the purpose of having the subjects count backward?
A)To test if the subject can multitask.
B)To test if they can remember how to subtract.
C)To interfere with the subject's ability to rehearse the trigram.
D)To determine if numerical and phonetic memories are stored in different areas of the brain.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of having the subjects count backwards is to interfere with their ability to rehearse the trigram. This is because counting backwards by threes requires the use of short-term memory resources, which can prevent the subjects from retaining the trigram in their memory for a longer period of time. This interference helps to test the subjects' ability to retain information in the face of distraction, which is a key aspect of working memory.

Question 13

After Tanya has practised a dance for her ballet class for a while,she feels as if her muscles know exactly what to do at each point in the piece.This is an example of a _____________ memory.
A)episodic
B)semantic
C)declarative
D)nondeclarative

Accepted Answer

Nondeclarative memory, also known as implicit memory, refers to memories that are not consciously retrieved, but rather manifest in skills, habits, and other learned behaviors. Tanya's ability to execute the dance sequence without consciously thinking about each step suggests that she has developed a nondeclarative memory for the routine.

Question 14

If research participants are not allowed to rehearse the information,about how long can they keep a meaningless trigram in phonological memory?
A)2 seconds
B)15 seconds
C)1 minute
D)20 minutes

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that without rehearsal, information can be kept in phonological memory for about 15 seconds before it begins to decay. This is particularly true for meaningless information such as trigrams, which do not have inherent meaning or associations to aid in their retention.

Question 15

Which type of memory is concerned with remembering the day your parents bought you a car?
A)nondeclarative memory
B)semantic memory
C)episodic memory
D)procedural memory

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is the type of memory that involves remembering specific events or experiences, such as the day your parents bought you a car. This type of memory is also associated with your own personal past experiences and is often tied to emotions and contextual details.

Question 16

Maria finds that it is easier to remember her student ID number if she thinks of it in segments,such as the first three digits,then the next two,and then the final four.Each of these short segments of the number are called
A)codes.
B)cues.
C)chunks.
D)stores.

Accepted Answer

The term "chunking" refers to breaking information down into smaller, more easily remembered segments. In this case, Maria is breaking her student ID number down into three chunks, which helps her remember it more easily. Therefore, C is the best choice as the short segments of the number are called chunks.

Question 17

Which two types of memories are both considered to be types of declarative memory?
A)semantic and episodic
B)semantic and procedural
C)episodic and conditioning
D)procedural and conditioning

Accepted Answer

Declarative memory is the conscious, intentional recollection of previous experiences and information. Semantic memory refers to general knowledge and facts about the world, such as the meaning of words, while episodic memory refers to personal events and experiences. Both of these types of memory involve the conscious recollection of information, making them types of declarative memory. Procedural memory, on the other hand, refers to the unconscious memory for motor and cognitive skills, while conditioning refers to the process by which we learn to associate stimuli and responses. These types of memory are not considered declarative memory.

Question 18

The provincial psychology association has invited teams from all the universities in the province to compete in a Psych Bowl.The teams will answer questions such as "Who founded the first psychology laboratory?" Where is this information stored?
A)long-term memory
B)short-term memory
C)conceptual memory
D)primary memory

Accepted Answer

Information about who founded the first psychology laboratory is likely stored in long-term memory, as it is a historical fact that would be acquired through learning and may not be used frequently enough to remain in short-term memory. Conceptual memory refers to the understanding of concepts and principles, while primary memory is the initial holding place for new information before it is processed further.

Question 19

Memories that we are consciously aware of and can verbalize,including facts about the world and one's own personal experiences,are called ______________ memories.
A)phonological
B)procedural
C)nondeclarative
D)declarative

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the characteristics of declarative memories, which are conscious and can be verbalized. Phonological memories refer to short-term memory of auditory information, whereas procedural memories are non-conscious memories of how to perform motor or cognitive skills. Nondeclarative memories encompass procedural as well as other non-conscious memories.

Question 20

Which of the following would be a nondeclarative memory?
A)your father's first name
B)how to pitch a curveball
C)the time you broke your leg
D)how it felt to break up with a boyfriend of girlfriend for the first time

Accepted Answer

Nondeclarative memory is also known as implicit memory, which is memory that is not consciously retrieved. Knowing how to pitch a curveball is a skill that is learned through practice and repetition, and therefore falls under the category of nondeclarative memory. Choices A, C, and D all involve the recall of specific events or facts, and therefore fall under the category of declarative memory.

Quiz 7: B: Memory

Visuospatial memory can accurately retain approximately ________ whole objects.

Steve was recalling his first day in college,including walking into the wrong class,dropping his books as he left,and the long line at the registrar's office he encountered when he had to switch classes.These memories are examples of

Similar to chunking,the visuospatial process of combining visual features into a single unit is called

Because classical conditioning can occur without a person's knowledge,it can be considered one type of ____________ memory.

Which fact does NOT support the idea that the amount of information that can be stored in short-term memory (STM) is determined by the number of chunks?

____________ memories include actions or behaviours that can be remembered and performed without awareness.

Telo convinces a woman he finds attractive to give him her telephone number.Unfortunately,the number is ten digits long with the area code,and Telo cannot find a place to write it down.As he looks for a pen and paper,what can Telo do to help him remember the number?

Most people cannot store the following list of letters in short-term memory. G O T O Y O U R B E D R O O M However,if the letters are grouped meaningfully into words,they fit short-term's memory span: Go to your bedroom.This illustrates

_ memories could be called "knowing that" memories,while __ memories could be called "knowing how" memories.

Loni is asked to memorize the letters I K T E A L N in no particular order.She memorizes them by reorganizing them into the words INK and LATE.This tactic is called

The terms "muscle memory" and "motor memory" are synonymous with which type of memory?

In the Brown-Peterson test,subjects read a trigram (an unpronounceable series of three letters) ,and are then asked to count backwards by threes from a given number.What is the purpose of having the subjects count backward?

After Tanya has practised a dance for her ballet class for a while,she feels as if her muscles know exactly what to do at each point in the piece.This is an example of a _____________ memory.

If research participants are not allowed to rehearse the information,about how long can they keep a meaningless trigram in phonological memory?

Which type of memory is concerned with remembering the day your parents bought you a car?

Maria finds that it is easier to remember her student ID number if she thinks of it in segments,such as the first three digits,then the next two,and then the final four.Each of these short segments of the number are called

Which two types of memories are both considered to be types of declarative memory?

The provincial psychology association has invited teams from all the universities in the province to compete in a Psych Bowl.The teams will answer questions such as "Who founded the first psychology laboratory?" Where is this information stored?

Memories that we are consciously aware of and can verbalize,including facts about the world and one's own personal experiences,are called ______________ memories.

Which of the following would be a nondeclarative memory?