Question 1

Continuing drug-taking behavior in order to avoid withdrawal is one indication of physical dependence.

Accepted Answer

Physical dependence occurs when the body adapts to the presence of a drug and needs it to function normally. One of the symptoms of physical dependence is withdrawal, which can be aversive and uncomfortable. In some cases, individuals continue to take drugs to avoid withdrawal symptoms, indicating physical dependence.

Question 2

Drug abusers take drug doses which are well beyond the LD-response curve amounts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drug abusers take drug doses which are...

Question 3

In the DAWN reports,cocaine,heroin,and alcohol-in-combination cases are almost always lethal.

Accepted Answer

While it is true that cocaine, heroin, and alcohol are all dangerous substances, their combined use does not necessarily result in death. However, the risk of overdose and other negative health consequences significantly increases when these substances are used together.

Question 4

Drug  tolerance is to setting as behavioral tolerance is to repetition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drug  tolerance is to setting as...

Question 5

Tolerance,withdrawal symptoms,and unintentional overuse are three of the seven criteria for substance dependence.

Accepted Answer

These are indeed three of the seven criteria for substance dependence as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The other criteria are: taking larger amounts or over a longer period than intended, a persistent desire or unsuccessful attempts to cut down or control use, spending significant time obtaining or using the substance, giving up or reducing important activities due to use, and continued use despite negative consequences.

Question 6

Tolerance is maximized when the user always takes the drug in the same setting.

Accepted Answer

Tolerance refers to the decrease in the effectiveness of a drug over time, which can lead to the need for higher doses to achieve the same effects. One factor that can influence tolerance is the setting in which the drug is used. When a drug is used in the same setting repeatedly, the body may become accustomed to the environmental cues associated with drug use, which can lead to increased tolerance. Therefore, keeping the setting consistent can maximize tolerance.

Question 7

According to recent DAWN statistics,there has been a greater number of drug-related ED for visits prescription and OTC medications alone than with illicit drugs alone.Narcotic analgesics are on the rise.

Accepted Answer

According to recent DAWN statistics, there has been a greater number of drug-related ED visits for prescription and OTC medications alone than with illicit drugs alone, and narcotic analgesics are on the rise.

Question 8

The concept of physical dependence originates from observations of heroin abusers.

Accepted Answer

The concept of physical dependence on a substance was first observed and described in the context of heroin addiction.

Question 9

Behavioral tolerance is based on Pavlovian conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral tolerance occurs when repeated exposure to a drug, stimuli, or behavior results in learned adaptations that reduce its effects. This type of tolerance is often based on Pavlovian conditioning, which involves creating associations between stimuli and responses. For example, repeated exposure to alcohol in the same environment can lead to conditioned tolerance, where the body is better able to handle the same amount of alcohol without showing signs of intoxication. This occurs because the environment has become paired with the effects of the drug, leading to changes in the body's responses.

Question 10

Withdrawal symptoms involve symptoms generally opposite from the original effect of the drug.

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal symptoms often include symptoms that are opposite from the original effect of the drug, such as anxiety or shaking after stopping the use of a sedative.

Question 11

A dirty needle carries the risk of HIV infection but not of hepatitis infection.

Accepted Answer

Both HIV and hepatitis can be transmitted through a dirty needle.

Question 12

In most cases,the dosage levels taken by drug abusers would be lethal if taken by a first-time user.

Accepted Answer

Drug abusers develop tolerance to the drug over time, which means they require higher doses to achieve the desired effects. These higher doses can be lethal for a first-time user with no tolerance to the drug.

Question 13

If an individual experiences drug tolerance,an increasing dose must be taken over time in order to maintain the same level of drug effect.

Accepted Answer

Drug tolerance is a phenomenon where the body adapts to the presence of a drug over repeated uses, resulting in a decreased response to the drug. As a result, an individual may need to take a higher dose of the drug over time in order to achieve the same level of effect. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 14

In an experiment discussed in the text,laboratory animals would choose cocaine over food even if the animal was starving to death.

Accepted Answer

The text mentions an experiment where laboratory animals were given the option to choose between cocaine and food, and even when the animals were starving, they still chose the cocaine over food.

Question 15

The placental barrier protects a fetus from toxic substances in the mother.

Accepted Answer

The placental barrier provides some protection but is not impermeable; certain toxic substances, like alcohol and drugs, can cross it and affect the fetus.

Question 16

There are more fatalities from chronic smoking of tobacco than from illicit drug use.

Accepted Answer

Chronic smoking of tobacco can lead to a wide range of health problems such as lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke, which can ultimately result in death. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year in the United States alone. In comparison, while illicit drug use can also have serious health consequences, it is responsible for significantly fewer deaths overall.

Question 17

The existence of physical dependence in a particular drug hinges upon the presence of physical withdrawal syndromes,should the individual stop taking the drug.

Accepted Answer

Physical dependence refers to the physiological changes that occur in the body when a drug is taken regularly over a period of time. The existence of physical withdrawal syndromes when a drug is stopped is one of the indicators of physical dependence. Therefore, the presence of physical withdrawal syndromes is necessary for the existence of physical dependence.

Question 18

The greater the extent of drug-taking behavior during pregnancy,the more likely there will adverse consequences during labor and delivery.

Accepted Answer

Extensive drug-taking behavior during pregnancy can cause several adverse consequences for both the mother and the baby, including premature delivery, low birth weight, respiratory problems, seizures, birth defects, and fetal death. Therefore, the more significant the extent of drug abuse during pregnancy, the higher the chances of adverse outcomes during labor and delivery.

Question 19

Most addicts completing the withdrawal process in its entirety do not become re-addicted.

Accepted Answer

While completing the withdrawal process is a significant step towards overcoming addiction, it does not guarantee that an individual will not relapse or become re-addicted in the future. Addiction is a complex condition, and ongoing support and treatment may be necessary for long-term recovery.

Question 20

Withdrawal symptoms are the approximately the same for every psychoactive drug.

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal symptoms vary depending on the specific psychoactive drug and its effects on the body and brain. Different drugs can cause different physical and psychological symptoms during withdrawal.

Quiz 2: Drug-Taking Behavior: the Personal and Social Concerns