Question 1

In persistent depressive disorder,the same symptoms of unipolar depression occur,but they are _____ severe and last at least _____.

Accepted Answer

Persistent depressive disorder (PDD), also known as dysthymia, is characterized by depressive symptoms that are less severe than those of major depressive disorder but last for at least 2 years.

Question 2

Approximately _____% of American women and _____% of American men will meet the criteria for depression at some point in their lives.

Accepted Answer

22% of American women and 14% of American men will meet the criteria for depression at some point in their lives.

Question 3

The depressive phase of bipolar disorder is often _____ major depression.

Accepted Answer

The depressive phase of bipolar disorder is often indistinguishable from major depression, making it difficult to diagnose as bipolar disorder.

Question 4

Mike lives in Alaska and experiences a period of depression each winter.Mike probably has:

Accepted Answer

SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder) is a type of depression that occurs during the winter months when there is less sunlight. The fact that Mike experiences depression only during the winter months suggests that he may have SAD. Unipolar and bipolar disorder are not necessarily tied to specific seasons, and postpartum depression occurs in women after childbirth.

Question 5

An individual in the manic phase of bipolar disorder sometimes may have hallucinations or delusions,and therefore the disorder may be misdiagnosed as:

Accepted Answer

The hallucinations and delusions that can occur during the manic phase of bipolar disorder may resemble symptoms of schizophrenia, leading to a possible misdiagnosis.

Question 6

A person in an episode of mania can believe that she is destined for greatness or is exceptionally gifted,beliefs that are artifacts of increased mood.These types of erroneous beliefs are known as:

Accepted Answer

Delusions are false beliefs that are not based in reality and are often seen in individuals experiencing mania. Hallucinations involve experiencing sensory perceptions that are not actually present, dissociative states involve a sense of detachment or disconnection from one's thoughts or surroundings, and euphoric states involve a heightened sense of happiness or well-being, but not necessarily false beliefs.

Question 7

Gisela,a sociology major in college,has a history of depression.But one day,she wakes up feeling very energetic.She tells her friends and professors that she has figured out a way to solve world hunger and the AIDS epidemic.Inspired,she spends the next five days without sleep completing applications to dozens of doctoral programs in sociology.It is likely that Gisela is suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Gisela's sudden change in mood, racing thoughts, and grandiose ideas are characteristic of bipolar disorder. This disorder involves periods of mania, where individuals experience elevated and/or irritable mood, increased activity, decreased need for sleep, excessive talking, and inflated self-esteem. These episodes alternate with periods of depression. Gisela's history of depression also fits with bipolar disorder, as bipolar disorder often involves depressive episodes as well. The other options (A, C, D) do not fit with Gisela's symptoms. Depression and generalized anxiety disorder involve persistent low mood and worry, not sudden bouts of high energy and optimism. Histrionic personality disorder involves attention-seeking behavior, but not necessarily grandiosity or mood changes. Paranoid schizophrenia involves delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thinking, which are not mentioned in the scenario.

Question 8

Approximately what percentage of Americans will meet the criteria for depression at some point in their lives?

Accepted Answer

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately 18% of Americans will experience depression at some point in their lives. This translates to roughly 1 in 5 people.

Question 9

Which statement about bipolar disorder is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder affects men and women equally.

Question 10

Juan has been moderately depressed for over 2 years,and every few months he experiences a period in which his symptoms of depression intensify.He is likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Juan's symptoms suggest that he may be experiencing persistent depressive disorder, however, the fact that he has periods of intensified depression suggests that he may also be experiencing major depressive episodes. This combination of prolonged depression with intermittent major depressive episodes is referred to as double depression. Bipolar disorder involves periods of both depression and mania, which is not described in this scenario. Unipolar depression refers to individuals who only experience symptoms of depression and do not have manic or hypomanic episodes.

Question 11

Over the past 2 months,Trisha has become lethargic and has stopped working out at the gym.Previously full of energy and curiosity,she now shows a lack of interest in virtually everything,even sex.She reports feelings of worthlessness.It is likely that Trisha is suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Trisha's symptoms suggest that she is experiencing unipolar depression, which is characterized by a persistent low mood, lack of energy, loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, feelings of worthlessness, and changes in sexual desire. Seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, and double depression have additional symptoms that are not mentioned in the scenario, making B the best answer choice.

Question 12

_____ was one of the first theorists to emphasize the role of thought in depression.

Accepted Answer

Aaron Beck was one of the first theorists to emphasize the role of thought processes in depression. He developed the cognitive theory of depression, which suggests that negative and irrational thoughts contribute to the development and maintenance of depression.

Question 13

A characteristic that is NOT a symptom of bipolar disorder,manic phase,is:

Accepted Answer

Sleepiness is not a symptom of the manic phase of bipolar disorder. The other three options (irritability, grandiosity, and talkativeness) are commonly experienced during manic episodes.

Question 14

A diagnosis of major depressive disorder requires evidence of a severely depressed mood that has lasted at least:

Accepted Answer

To meet the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, an individual must have experienced a severely depressed mood or loss of interest in activities for at least two weeks. This time frame is set by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which is the manual used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental health conditions.

Question 15

Tiffany has felt mildly depressed for years.She struggles with issues associated with her self-worth and finds activities that other people enjoy greatly as only mildly pleasurable.Tiffany is likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Tiffany's symptoms, feeling mildly depressed for years and struggling with self-worth, are consistent with persistent depressive disorder (formerly known as dysthymia). This disorder involves a less severe but chronic form of depression lasting at least two years. Unipolar depression refers to a single episode of major depression, while double depression involves both persistent depressive disorder and major depressive episodes. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of both depression and mania or hypomania. These symptoms are not present in Tiffany's case.

Question 16

On average,an episode of major depression lasts about _____ weeks.

Accepted Answer

On average, an episode of major depression lasts about 12 weeks. This duration can vary significantly among individuals, but 12 weeks is a commonly cited average in clinical studies and literature.

Question 17

Karen is a college student who has experienced moderate feelings of sadness and worthlessness for over 2 years.Most of the time,she still goes to class and meets her other obligations.Occasionally,however,her depressive symptoms intensify.When this occurs,she stops going to class,isolates herself,and even experiences suicidal thoughts.Karen could be diagnosed with:

Accepted Answer

Double depression is a term used when an individual experiences both dysthymia (persistent depressive disorder) and major depressive disorder. Karen's symptoms suggest that she experiences persistent moderate depressive symptoms for over two years (dysthymia) with occasional intensification of symptoms (major depressive disorder). Therefore, the best diagnosis for Karen would be double depression.

Question 18

Without treatment,about _____% of people who experienced an episode of major depression will experience at least one reoccurrence of the disorder.

Accepted Answer

Without treatment, about 80% of people who have experienced an episode of major depression will likely experience at least one recurrence of the disorder. This highlights the chronic nature of depression and the importance of treatment and management strategies to prevent relapse.

Question 19

A manic episode must last at least _____ to meet the diagnostic criterion for bipolar disorder.

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-5, a manic episode must last for at least 1 week or require hospitalization, and the symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. Therefore, the correct choice is B - 1 week.

Question 20

Kelly has been feeling very sad for a month.Her sadness is so pronounced that she has not showered for days on end,sometimes has forgotten to eat,and has not been interested in doing anything.Kelly probably has:

Accepted Answer

Kelly's symptoms, including pronounced sadness, lack of interest in activities, neglecting personal hygiene, and forgetting to eat, are indicative of unipolar depression. This condition is characterized by a persistent depressive mood without the manic or hypomanic episodes associated with bipolar disorder. Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) involves less severe symptoms over a longer period, and double depression refers to a combination of major depressive episodes and persistent depressive disorder. Bipolar disorder involves mood swings that include both depressive and manic episodes, which is not described in Kelly's situation.

Quiz 15: Psychological Disorders-Part A

In persistent depressive disorder,the same symptoms of unipolar depression occur,but they are _ severe and last at least _.

Approximately _% of American women and _% of American men will meet the criteria for depression at some point in their lives.