Question 1

Trait theorists who believe that personality traits reflect the causes of a person's disposition to behave in certain ways tend to use which type of personality tests?

Accepted Answer

Trait theorists who focus on the causes of personality traits are more likely to use personality inventories, such as the Big Five Inventory, to measure and assess individuals' different traits. Personality inventories use a standardized set of questions to assess traits and measure them through self-report, making them a more reliable tool for trait theorists. Projective tests and thematic apperception tests rely on more subjective interpretations and may not be as accurate or reliable in measuring personality traits. Naturalistic observation is a tool used to observe and describe behavior in natural settings, but it is not a direct measure of personality traits.

Question 2

Which computational procedure sorts traits into a small number of underlying dimensions?

Accepted Answer

Factor analysis is the computational procedure that sorts traits into a small number of underlying dimensions. It is a statistical method used to identify underlying factors or latent variables that explain the pattern of correlations within a set of observed traits or variables.

Question 3

Imagine Eysenck's two factors expressed in two-dimensional space.On the vertical axis is insecurity at the top and security at the bottom.Bisecting this axis is the second factor,with introversion on the left and extroversion on the right.Using this model,a person who is outgoing and personable but prone to extreme swings in mood would be placed in which quadrant?

Accepted Answer

Being outgoing and personable suggests high levels of extroversion, placing the person on the right side of the axis. However, the tendency towards extreme mood swings suggests insecurity, placing the person in the upper half of the space. Therefore, the person would be placed in the upper right quadrant.

Question 4

Henry Murray,the creator of the Thematic Apperception Test,believed that traits:

Accepted Answer

Henry Murray believed that traits reflect underlying motives, which means that personality traits are not just preexisting dispositions but stem from deeper motivations and drives that influence behavior. This is the underlying premise of the Thematic Apperception Test, which seeks to uncover an individual's underlying motives and psychological needs through the interpretation of ambiguous images. Murray did not believe that traits were highly unstable across the lifetime or directly indicate what type of childhood a person had.

Question 5

When traits are organized in a hierarchy,_____ are at the _____ level.

Accepted Answer

Abstract traits are at the highest level in a hierarchy of traits because they encompass broad, generalized characteristics that integrate more specific behaviors and tendencies.

Question 6

Which statement regarding personality factors derived from factor analysis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Personality factors, which are derived from factor analysis, are presented as a continuum, ranging from one extreme trait to its opposite. This is because factor analysis is used to identify underlying dimensions or factors that are related to multiple personality traits. These factors are not presented in terms of specific behavioral tendencies, and they are not necessarily highly correlated with one another. Additionally, there is not necessarily a fixed number of personality factors, as different studies may identify different numbers of factors depending on the sample and the methods used.

Question 7

A 13-year-old learns in her World Cultures class that Bashar al-Assad is an authoritarian.She might NOT expect al-Assad to demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

A high degree of sensation seeking would be unexpected from an authoritarian leader like Bashar al-Assad, as he is more likely to prioritize maintaining control and stability.

Question 8

Allport believed that traits are preexisting dispositions that:

Accepted Answer

Allport viewed traits as preexisting dispositions that cause or trigger behavior, meaning they are fundamental in predicting how an individual will act in various situations.

Question 9

An early attempt to determine the number of personality traits by counting all of the relevant adjectives in an English dictionary revealed _____ potential traits.

Accepted Answer

An early attempt to determine the number of personality traits by counting all of the relevant adjectives in an English dictionary revealed 18,000 potential traits.

Question 10

Dr.Juarez is a personality psychologist who believes that personality traits are relatively stable across time and situations,and that they give rise to measurable behavior.Dr.Juarez probably uses _____ to measure personality.

Accepted Answer

Personality inventories are standardized tests that assess an individual's personality traits based on self-reported responses to a set of questions. These tests are designed to provide a quantifiable measure of personality traits and are consistent with Dr. Juarez's view that personality traits are relatively stable across time and situations. Projective tests and thematic apperception tests rely on subjective interpretation and may not provide reliable measures of personality traits. Naturalistic observation may provide insight into observable behavior but may not directly measure personality traits.

Question 11

Cattell (1950)proposed a theory of personality consisting of _____ factors.

Accepted Answer

Cattell proposed a theory of personality consisting of 16 factors known as the 16 Personality Factors (16PF). These factors include warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractedness, privateness, apprehension, openness to change, self-reliance, perfectionism, and tension.

Question 12

Hans Eysenck developed a model of personality that initially had _____ factors.

Accepted Answer

Hans Eysenck's initial model of personality consisted of two primary dimensions: extraversion-introversion and neuroticism-stability.

Question 13

Hans Eysenck's original theory of personality identified two trait dimensions,emotional stability versus instability and:

Accepted Answer

Eysenck's original theory identified two trait dimensions: emotional stability versus instability and extraversion versus introversion.

Question 14

Imagine Eysenck's two factors expressed in two-dimensional space.On the vertical axis is insecurity at the top and security at the bottom.Bisecting this axis is the second factor,with introversion on the left and extroversion on the right.Using this model,a person who is outgoing,friendly,and comfortable in her own skin would be placed in which quadrant?

Accepted Answer

According to the given model, outgoing and friendly traits fall under extroversion, which is placed on the right side of the vertical axis. Comfort in one's own skin indicates a higher level of security, which falls on the lower end of the same axis. Therefore, a person with these traits would be placed in the lower right quadrant.

Question 15

Trait theorists,who believe that personality traits reflect the motives of a person,tend to use which type of personality tests?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trait theorists,who believe that personality traits reflect...

Question 16

Imagine Eysenck's two factors expressed in two-dimensional space.On the vertical axis is insecurity at the top and security at the bottom.Bisecting this axis is the second factor,with introversion on the left and extroversion on the right.Using this model,a person who is quiet,reserved,and comfortable in her own skin would be placed in which quadrant?

Accepted Answer

The quadrant in the lower left represents introverted individuals who are also secure. As the person described is quiet and reserved, they display introverted tendencies. Additionally, as they are comfortable in their own skin, they can also be considered secure. Therefore, they would be placed in the lower left quadrant.

Question 17

Dr.Kent is a psychoanalyst who believes that our underlying and sometimes unconscious motivations reveal themselves in our personality.Dr.Kent probably uses _____ to measure personality.

Accepted Answer

Projective tests, like the Rorschach Inkblot test or the Thematic Apperception test, are commonly used in psychoanalysis to assess unconscious motivations and personality traits. The tests involve showing ambiguous stimuli and asking the participant to describe what they see, which can reveal hidden thoughts, feelings, and desires. This is in line with Dr. Kent's approach of uncovering underlying motivations in personality. Self-report tests, personality inventories, and structured interviews are also used in personality assessment, but they may not be as effective in uncovering unconscious motivations.

Question 18

After World War II,personality psychologists become very interested in the trait of:

Accepted Answer

After World War II, personality psychologists became interested in understanding authoritarianism and its impact on society. This trait was considered important to study in order to prevent future dictatorships and other forms of oppressive regimes. As such, research on authoritarianism became a prominent area of study in the field of psychology during this time period.

Question 19

When traits are organized in a hierarchy,_____ are at the _____ level.

Accepted Answer

When traits are organized in a hierarchy, specific behaviors are at the lowest level as they are the most observable and measurable manifestations of a trait. Abstract traits are at higher levels as they represent broader and more generalized characteristics. Therefore, options A and B are incorrect. Option D is also incorrect as abstract traits would not be the lowest level in a hierarchical organization of traits.

Question 20

Breanne is ambitious and Susan is laid back.These personality traits represent:

Accepted Answer

Ambition and laid-backness can be seen as opposite endpoints of a single personality factor related to motivation and goal orientation.

Quiz 12: Personality-Part A

Trait theorists who believe that personality traits reflect the causes of a person's disposition to behave in certain ways tend to use which type of personality tests?

Which computational procedure sorts traits into a small number of underlying dimensions?

Henry Murray,the creator of the Thematic Apperception Test,believed that traits:

When traits are organized in a hierarchy,_ are at the _ level.

Which statement regarding personality factors derived from factor analysis is TRUE?

A 13-year-old learns in her World Cultures class that Bashar al-Assad is an authoritarian.She might NOT expect al-Assad to demonstrate:

Allport believed that traits are preexisting dispositions that:

An early attempt to determine the number of personality traits by counting all of the relevant adjectives in an English dictionary revealed _____ potential traits.

Dr.Juarez is a personality psychologist who believes that personality traits are relatively stable across time and situations,and that they give rise to measurable behavior.Dr.Juarez probably uses _____ to measure personality.

Cattell (1950) proposed a theory of personality consisting of _____ factors.

Hans Eysenck developed a model of personality that initially had _____ factors.

Hans Eysenck's original theory of personality identified two trait dimensions,emotional stability versus instability and:

Trait theorists,who believe that personality traits reflect the motives of a person,tend to use which type of personality tests?

Dr.Kent is a psychoanalyst who believes that our underlying and sometimes unconscious motivations reveal themselves in our personality.Dr.Kent probably uses _____ to measure personality.

After World War II,personality psychologists become very interested in the trait of:

When traits are organized in a hierarchy,_ are at the _ level.

Breanne is ambitious and Susan is laid back.These personality traits represent: