Question 1

Which statement best describes an important finding of Milgram's classic research?

Accepted Answer

Milgram's research found that people were willing to obey an authority figure and administer harmful electric shocks to others, even if it went against their own conscience, showing the power of obedience and the potential dangers of blindly following authority.

Question 2

In the Milgram experiment on obedience,the _______ was a confederate of the experimenter.

Accepted Answer

In the Milgram experiment, the learner was actually a confederate of the experimenter, who pretended to receive electric shocks and feigned distress in response to them. The subject was the real participant who was instructed to administer the electric shocks to the learner.

Question 3

Sardonicus conducted a study where she examined the likelihood of participants to conform to the opinion of a larger group of individuals.According to the research findings of Solomon Asch,which of the following people would be least likely to demonstrate such conformity?

Accepted Answer

Those from collectivist cultures,such as China,Kenya,and India,are more likely to conform to a group standard.In this example,Stavros is the only one who was not from a culture identified by your textbook as collectivist.

Question 4

Recent replication of the conformity research of Solomon Asch by Mori and Arai (2010)found that:

Accepted Answer

Mori and Arai (2010) found that women were more likely to conform to a wrong answer than men, which was a notable difference from Asch's original findings.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of obedience,as defined by social psychologists?

Accepted Answer

The soldier,by definition,finds herself in a position of accepting orders without question,even if they lead to heinous outcomes.

Question 6

Following a direct command from an authority figure is referred to as _______ by social psychologists.

Accepted Answer

Obedience refers to the act of following a direct command or order from an authority figure. Compliance and influence can also involve following requests or suggestions from others, but obedience specifically refers to following orders from those perceived as having power or authority. Conformity refers to adjusting one's behavior or beliefs in order to match the standards or expectations of a group.

Question 7

Asch found that the likelihood of conformity increased with group size until _______ confederates were present.

Accepted Answer

Asch's experiments on conformity found that the likelihood of an individual conforming to group pressure increased with the size of the group up to three confederates. Beyond this number, additional increases in group size had a diminishing effect on the likelihood of conformity.

Question 8

In Solomon Asch's study,which factor increased the rate of conformity?

Accepted Answer

Asch's study found that conformity rates increased as the number of confederates increased up to a certain point (around 3 or 4 confederates). Beyond this point, additional confederates did not significantly increase conformity rates. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 9

What percent of subjects in Milgram's experiment on obedience actually completed the shock series?

Accepted Answer

In Milgram's experiment on obedience, 65% of participants continued to the highest level of shocks, showing a high level of obedience to authority.

Question 10

_______ found that normal people will often follow orders to hurt innocent people.

Accepted Answer

Stanley Milgram conducted a series of experiments on obedience to authority in the early 1960s. In his most famous experiment, participants were instructed to deliver electric shocks to another person (who was actually an actor pretending to be shocked) when they gave incorrect answers to a memory task. Despite the increasing levels of shock, the majority of participants continued to administer them when instructed to do so by the experimenter, demonstrating a disturbing willingness to follow orders to harm innocent people.

Question 11

Stanley Milgram's famous research investigated:

Accepted Answer

Stanley Milgram's research investigated obedience to authority, specifically how far individuals were willing to go in delivering electric shocks to another person when instructed to do so by an authority figure.

Question 12

Asch had subjects judge the length of straight lines after they heard fake "subjects" consistently give the same incorrect length judgment.Under this kind of social influence,the real subjects conformed to a distorted view of reality on about ________ of the judgment trials.

Accepted Answer

In Asch's conformity experiments, about one-third of the real subjects conformed to the incorrect majority view on the judgment trials.

Question 13

Milgram's study of obedience to authority has been criticized on the basis of _____________.

Accepted Answer

Although participants were debriefed at the conclusion of the experiment,their knowledge that they were capable of behaving in such a way could not be erased.

Question 14

Informational conformity is motivated by the desire to be ________.

Accepted Answer

Informational conformity is important when we think the group can provide us with information we lack.Normative conformity is important when we want the group to like or accept us.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of normative conformity?

Accepted Answer

Normative conformity is driven by our desire to fit in with a crowd.In this case,Stan wants to be seen as stylish and hip in the eyes of his peers.

Question 16

The research protocol of Stanley Milgram was recently repeated by psychologist Jerry Burger (2009),with one important adjustment.How did Burger change the procedure to reduced concerns about ethical violations in this research?

Accepted Answer

Burger reduced the maximum voltage to 150 volts to minimize ethical concerns, as this was the point in Milgram's original study where most participants showed hesitation, thus reducing potential psychological harm.

Question 17

Normative conformity is based on a group's power because of:

Accepted Answer

Informational conformity is important when we think the group can provide us with information we lack.Normative conformity is important when we want the group to like or accept us.

Question 18

In which of the following circumstances would Solomon Asch's findings regarding the importance of unanimity on conformity be most salient?

Accepted Answer

Because the decision of a jury must be reached by unanimous (or sometimes consensus)vote,the impact of unanimity would be very important in that circumstance.

Question 19

Following the direct orders of someone in a position of higher authority is called:

Accepted Answer

Compliance refers to agreeing to a request or suggestion without necessarily being told to do so by a higher authority. Conformity refers to adjusting one's behavior to match the norms or standards of a group. Obedience specifically involves following the orders or commands of someone in a position of authority, even if it goes against one's own values or beliefs. Consent refers to giving permission or agreement to something, but does not necessarily involve following orders from someone in a position of authority.

Question 20

In his replication and adaptation of Stanley Milgram's classic obedience study,what did Burger (2009)find?

Accepted Answer

Burger (2009) found that obedience levels in his replication and adaptation of Milgram's study were only slightly lower than those found by Milgram in the 1960s. Specifically, 70% of Burger's participants proceeded to the maximum shock level, compared to 82.5% in Milgram's original study. However, Burger's study included more rigorous ethical guidelines and allowed participants to withdraw at any time, which may have contributed to the slightly lower obedience levels observed.

Quiz 11: Social Psychology