Question 1

Nearness is the tendency _________________.

Accepted Answer

Nearness refers to the tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping. This is one of the principles of Gestalt psychology, which describes how humans perceive and organize visual information.

Question 2

Closure is the tendency _________________.

Accepted Answer

Closure is the tendency to complete figures that are incomplete.

Question 3

Texture refers to the fact that objects appear to become ______.

Accepted Answer

Texture of objects appears to become less detailed in the distance due to atmospheric perspective. As the distance between the viewer and the object increases, the amount of atmospheric particles between them increases, making the object appear less sharp and detailed.

Question 4

The tendency to perceive things that look similar as being part of the same group is known as ___________.

Accepted Answer

The tendency to perceive things that look similar as being part of the same group is known as the principle of similarity. This principle helps us organize and chunk information in our environment into meaningful patterns and shapes. This principle is based on the idea that objects that look similar to one another (such as in shape, size, color, or texture) are often perceived as a group or unit.

Question 5

When you are walking through a zoo and you enter the "Africa Experience" exhibit,you would be very surprised to see a polar bear or a penguin,but probably not at all surprised to see an elephant or a rhinoceros.Why is that?

Accepted Answer

The perceptual set explains that past experiences create expectancies for future sensory/perceptual events.In this case,your knowledge of what animals "should" be in Africa would cause you to be surprised when you see animals that "should not" be there.

Question 6

The tendency to complete figures that are incomplete is known as ___________.

Accepted Answer

Closure is the tendency to mentally fill in gaps or complete figures that are incomplete or not fully drawn. This phenomenon is often seen in optical illusions or in ambiguous stimuli. The other options (figure-ground relationship, similarity, continuity) are also important principles of Gestalt psychology, but do not specifically address the completion of incomplete figures.

Question 7

The depth cue in which faraway objects appear to be hazy and have a blurred outline is called ______.

Accepted Answer

Aerial perspective, also known as atmospheric perspective, is the depth cue in which faraway objects appear hazy and blurred due to the scattering of light in the atmosphere. This effect is caused by the air molecules and dust particles between the viewer and the distant object. The closer an object is to the viewer, the less atmospheric interference there is and the more clear and crisp it appears.

Question 8

Similarity is the tendency to perceive _________________.

Accepted Answer

Similarity is the tendency to perceive things that look alike or similar as being part of the same group. This can refer to similarities in shape, color, texture, or other features. For example, a row of blue circles and a row of red circles are more likely to be seen as two separate groups rather than a random mix of colors.

Question 9

The tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping is known as ___________.

Accepted Answer

Proximity refers to the tendency to perceive objects that are close together as a coherent group. This grouping principle is based on the idea that objects that are close to one another in space tend to be related in some way. For example, a cluster of flowers in a garden might be perceived as a single group, even if the individual flowers are different colors or shapes.

Question 10

Perceptual ________ involves long-lasting changes to the brain's perceptual system that improve our ability to respond to the environment.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual learning involves long-lasting changes to the brain's perceptual system, enhancing our ability to respond to the environment through experience and practice.

Question 11

Which of the following occurs when-because one object appears to be blocking another object-the viewer assumes that the blocked object is farther away?

Accepted Answer

When one object appears to be blocking another object, the blocked object is assumed to be farther away. This is known as overlap.

Question 12

Visual distance and depth cues that require the use of both eyes are called ______.

Accepted Answer

Binocular cues require the use of both eyes to perceive visual distance and depth. Monocular cues, on the other hand, can be perceived with only one eye. Dichromatic cues refer to the perception of color, and diocular cues is not a widely used term in psychology or neuroscience.

Question 13

The fact that,when we look at an object,each one of our two eyes receives a slightly different image of the object is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

Retinal disparity refers to the slight difference in the images received by each eye when looking at an object. This helps our brain to perceive depth and creates the sensation of 3D vision. Binocular inversion, convergence, and stereophonic vision are not accurate descriptions of this phenomenon.

Question 14

When Bill looks at his lamp alternately with his left eye and right eye,the image seems to jump from one position to another.This phenomenon illustrates ______.

Accepted Answer

The fact that,when we look at an object,each one of our two eyes receives a slightly different image of the object is known as retinal disparity.

Question 15

When Jason goes to play a game of squash for the very first time,he has difficulty tracking the ball as it speeds around the court.He can't quite get the correct angles on his shots,and has a lot of trouble telling where to swing his squash racquet.His opponent,Clay,is an experienced squash player and does not have these problems.Clay's ease of playing is partially attributable to perceptual ________.

Accepted Answer

Repeated experiences with an object or situation strengthen the connections between the perceptual centers in the brain.As Jason gets more experience playing the game,the angles and nuances of the positions on the court will become easier for him to process.

Question 16

The ability to see the world in three dimensions is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Depth perception refers to our ability to see the world in three dimensions, including the ability to perceive distance and spatial relationships. Similarity refers to the tendency to group similar objects together, top-down processing refers to using pre-existing knowledge to interpret incoming sensory information, and closure refers to our tendency to fill in missing gaps in incomplete stimuli.

Question 17

Suppose you look at a given figure and decide that,depending on how you look at it,it can be perceived as either an old woman or a young lady.Such a figure would be said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

When the figure is reversible,it is difficult to distinguish from the ground.

Question 18

You will more than likely see "XXX XXX XXX" as three groups of "X" rather than one group of nine "X"s.This example illustrates which of the following Gestalt Laws?

Accepted Answer

The Gestalt law of nearness suggests that objects appear close together would be perceived as having a relationship.

Question 19

Continuity is the tendency _________________.

Accepted Answer

Continuity refers to the tendency to perceive things with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex,broken-up pattern.

Question 20

The tendency to perceive things with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex,broken-up pattern is known as ___________.

Accepted Answer

Continuity refers to the tendency to perceive things as continuous and flowing, rather than as separate parts that need to be pieced together. This can happen even if there are interruptions or changes in the stimuli being perceived.

Quiz 3: Sensation and Perception