Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a subordinate-level category?

Accepted Answer

A subordinate-level category is a more specific category within a broader category. In this case, "Apple Macintosh computer" is a more specific category within the broader category of "computers." The other options are either too broad (C) or too general (D) to be considered subordinate-level categories.

Question 2

The term semantic memory can be defined as

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory refers to our knowledge about the meaning of concepts, ideas, and facts about the world. It encompasses our understanding of language, concepts, and general knowledge about the world. It is not related to personal events or specific dates in the past, nor is it limited to knowledge within one's area of expertise.

Question 3

According to the discussion in Chapter 8,the best definition of the word concept is:

Accepted Answer

The definition of concept discussed in Chapter 8 is "your mental representation of a category." This encompasses the idea that a concept is not just a specific set of objects, but rather the abstract idea or mental construct we use to understand and categorize things in our environment. Option A is too narrow in its definition, while option C focuses only on one aspect of a concept (the best example). Option D is not a definition of concept, but rather of general knowledge.

Question 4

The well-organized knowledge that you have about the world is called

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory refers to our knowledge of the meaning of words, concepts, and general knowledge of the world. It is a type of declarative memory, which involves conscious knowledge of facts and information. Implicit memory, on the other hand, involves non-conscious retrieval of information, and explicit memory refers to conscious, intentional recollection of information. Therefore, the best choice for the given statement is D) semantic memory.

Question 5

If you have just heard the word vegetable,you can quickly make judgments about the word carrot; in contrast,your judgments about the word mushroom take much longer.According to the prototype approach,this observation shows that

Accepted Answer

According to the prototype approach, prototypes are considered more representative of a category than nonprototypes. When primed with a category (like "vegetable"), responses to prototypes of that category (like "carrot") are faster than to nonprototypes (like "mushroom"), demonstrating that after priming, people respond faster to prototypes.

Question 6

The category "animal" has a graded structure,which means that

Accepted Answer

The concept of a graded structure in categorization means that some members of a category are seen as more central or typical than others, indicating that not all members are equally representative of that category.

Question 7

Which of the following students provides the best definition of the term "inference," in connection with the discussion of semantic memory in Chapter 8?

Accepted Answer

Don provides the most accurate definition of inference, stating that it refers to the logical conclusions that people make based on information that was not directly stated. Javier's response refers to grammar, Polina's response refers to a change in speaker, and Lindsey's response incorrectly equates inference with validity.

Question 8

Which of the following students provides the best description of semantic memory?

Accepted Answer

Andy's description of semantic memory as our organized knowledge about the world is the most accurate and comprehensive definition among the given options. Option A is incorrect because semantic memory does not necessarily rely on episodic memory. Option C is incorrect because semantic memory does not necessarily require exaggeration of details. Option D is incorrect because semantic memory does not involve converting schemas into script-like forms.

Question 9

Which of the following students has the most accurate information about the research on levels of categorization?

Accepted Answer

The statement made by Scott that brain imaging research shows the prefrontal cortex is activated when people judge superordinate terms, and is less active with basic-level terms is the most accurate information about research on levels of categorization.

Question 10

According to the prototype approach to semantic memory,

Accepted Answer

The prototype approach states that we have a prototype, or a typical example, for each category in our semantic memory. We judge whether an item belongs to a certain category by comparing it to the prototype and determining how similar it is. Therefore, Choice C is the best choice as it aligns with the prototype approach, while the other choices are incorrect.

Question 11

According to the introduction of the chapter called "General Knowledge," an important point is that this knowledge

Accepted Answer

The introduction of the chapter on "General Knowledge" states that this knowledge allows us to make inferences based on logical interpretations, suggesting that choice A is the correct answer. The other choices are either incorrect or not specifically mentioned in the introduction.

Question 12

In Chapter 8,how is the term "situated cognition approach" related to the concept of "knowledge?"

Accepted Answer

The situated cognition approach suggests that knowledge is not simply stored in the brain, but is also influenced by environmental cues. Therefore, the term "situated cognition approach" is directly related to the concept of knowledge, as it proposes that the environment plays a role in how we acquire and use knowledge. Option A is incorrect because graded structures are not directly related to the situated cognition approach. Option B is incorrect because the parallel distributed processing approach is a separate theory from the situated cognition approach. Option D is incorrect because distinguishing between categories and concepts is not the main focus of the situated cognition approach.

Question 13

The category "furniture" is a

Accepted Answer

"Furniture" is a superordinate-level category as it encompasses a broad range of items such as chairs, tables, sofas, etc.

Question 14

Research on the idea of "family resemblance" has demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

The idea of family resemblance suggests that examples within a category share some similarities but not all. In other words, there is no single attribute that all members of the category share, but each example has at least one attribute in common with some other example of the concept. This is known as a family resemblance category. Option A is incorrect as it contradicts the definition of family resemblance. Option B is also incorrect as a prototype is a single example that represents the entire category, whereas a family resemblance category has multiple examples that share some similarities. Option D is incorrect as family resemblance categories are based on real-life experiences and are not limited to laboratory settings.

Question 15

"Marie received seven presents at her birthday party.The stuffed elephant was her favorite gift." If you believe that one of the seven presents that Marie received was,in fact,a stuffed elephant,you have made

Accepted Answer

Making the assumption that Marie received a stuffed elephant as one of her seven gifts is an inference, which is a logical conclusion based on available evidence or information. It is not an attribution error, which is a mistake in attributing the cause or motivation of someone's behavior or actions. It is also not an episodic mistake, which refers to errors in memory recall. A script is a type of cognitive framework or schema that guides behavior or understanding of a particular situation, and is not applicable here.

Question 16

The category "Bartlett pear" is a

Accepted Answer

The answer of The category "Bartlett pear" is a
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Question 17

According to the discussion of categories,the basic level of reference has special status.This means that

Accepted Answer

The basic level of reference is considered to have special status because basic-level names are used more often and are more informative than superordinate-level and subordinate-level names. This is because they provide the most specific information while still being broad enough to recognize family resemblance.

Question 18

Which of the following provides the best example of semantic memory?

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is the type of long-term memory that stores general knowledge and facts. Knowing the definition of a word falls under this category. A is an example of episodic memory as it is a specific event that happened recently. C and D are examples of autobiographical memory where the person remembers specific events from their own life.

Question 19

Chapter 8 discusses the term "graded structure" in connection with the prototype theory of semantic memory.The best example of this term is

Accepted Answer

Graded structure refers to the arrangement of words within a specific category based on their degree of prototypicality. This means that some members of a category are more central and typical than others, and they share more features with the prototype of that category. For example, when we think of the category "birds," we might first think of a robin or a sparrow, which are more prototypical birds, before we think of a penguin or an ostrich, which are less prototypical. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 20

Suppose that you and a friend have been discussing cognitive psychology.You are more likely to respond quickly to the concept "semantic memory" than if you had been discussing basketball.This would be an example of

Accepted Answer

The scenario presented is an example of the semantic priming effect. This is the phenomenon in which exposure to a concept or word (such as "cognitive psychology") makes it easier and faster to identify related concepts or words (such as "semantic memory"). In this case, the discussion about cognitive psychology has primed the individual for related concepts and ideas, making it easier and quicker to access them.

Quiz 8: General Knowledge