Question 1

The belief that one is the center of the world is called,by Piaget:

Accepted Answer

Piaget identified egocentrism as a characteristic of the preoperational stage of development. Egocentrism is the belief that one's own perspective is the only perspective that exists, meaning that a child with this belief would struggle to understand or take into account the perspectives of others.

Question 2

Which of the following states has as a main theme the ability to consider many possible solutions to a problem and the ability to systematically test those possibilities?

Accepted Answer

The ability to consider many possible solutions to a problem and the ability to systematically test those possibilities is a hallmark of formal operational thinking, which is the stage of cognitive development that typically emerges during adolescence and extends into adulthood.

Question 3

The period of life between roughly the ages of 10 and 20 when a person is transformed from a child to an adult is __________.

Accepted Answer

Adolescence is the period of life between roughly the ages of 10 and 20 when a person undergoes significant physical, emotional, and psychological changes that lead to the development of adult characteristics and behaviors. It is a time of transition from childhood to adulthood and marks the onset of puberty, which is the process of physical maturation that leads to sexual development. While maturation and puberty are also important aspects of this period of life, adolescence is the comprehensive term that encompasses all the changes that occur during this time. Menarche is a term that specifically refers to the onset of menstruation in girls and is only relevant to females, whereas adolescence applies to both sexes.

Question 4

Facial hair in boys and breast development in girls are both signs of:

Accepted Answer

Facial hair in boys and breast development in girls are both secondary sexual characteristics associated with puberty. Primary sexual characteristics involve the reproductive organs, while secondary sexual characteristics refer to the physical changes that are not directly related to reproduction.

Question 5

In Erikson's theory,children between the ages of 3 and 5 are concerned with the issue of _______.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, the stage of initiative vs. guilt occurs between the ages of 3 and 5. In this stage, children are focused on developing a sense of purpose and direction in their lives. They want to explore their environment and pursue their interests, but may experience guilt if they feel they have done something wrong. This stage is important for developing a sense of identity and self-confidence.

Question 6

According to Piaget,children learn to retrace their thoughts,correct themselves,see more than one dimension to a problem,but cannot yet handle abstract concepts during the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

In Piaget's theory, the concrete operational stage occurs between ages 7 and 11, during which children learn to think logically, understand conservation, and reverse their thinking. However, they cannot yet handle abstract concepts, which is a characteristic of the formal operational stage. The preoperational stage (ages 2-7) is characterized by egocentrism and difficulty with logical reasoning, while the sensory-motor stage (ages 0-2) is characterized by the development of object permanence and basic reflexes.

Question 7

Which of the following theorists believe that people go through stages,each of which has a "crisis" associated with it?

Accepted Answer

Erikson believed in his theory of psychosocial development, which includes eight stages of development, each with a crisis or conflict that needs to be resolved for healthy psychological development.

Question 8

Traits which are typical of a sex but not directly concerned with reproduction are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Traits which are typical of a sex...

Question 9

Holly,at age 13,is suspicious of both friends and strangers,and very cautious before trying anything new.According to Erikson,these traits were probably formed during Holly's passage through the stage of _______.

Accepted Answer

The stage of trust vs. mistrust occurs during infancy, when a child learns to trust or mistrust their basic needs being met by their caregivers. The stage of autonomy vs. doubt occurs in toddlerhood, as children seek to develop control and independence over their environment. The stage of initiative vs. guilt occurs in early childhood, as children learn to take initiative in exploring their surroundings, but may also feel guilty when they overstep boundaries. The stage that best aligns with Holly's traits is trust vs. mistrust, as her suspicion of others suggests a lack of trust that may have developed during this stage.

Question 10

According to Piaget,what are the ages for the formal operational stage?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, the formal operational stage begins around age 11 or 12 and continues into adulthood. During this stage, individuals develop the ability to think abstractly, logically, and hypothetically, and can engage in complex problem solving and scientific reasoning.

Question 11

The development of secondary sexual characteristics:

Accepted Answer

Secondary sexual characteristics are physical changes that occur during puberty that provide external signs of the approach of adolescence and sexual maturity. These changes occur in both boys and girls and are not solely concerned with reproduction.

Question 12

Which of the following ages is considered the period of adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Adolescence is generally considered to be the period of life between childhood and adulthood, spanning from the ages of 12 to 19 years. This is a time of significant physical, emotional, and social development, marked by changes to the body, brain, and behavior. While some sources may include the earlier age range of 10-11 years as a part of early adolescence, the ages of 12-19 are generally considered the main period of adolescence. Therefore, option D is the best choice representing the period of adolescence.

Question 13

The most obvious change ushering in adolescence is __________.

Accepted Answer

The growth spurt is the most obvious change during adolescence, as individuals experience a rapid increase in height and weight. This physical change is often accompanied by changes in motor skills and coordination. While intellectual growth and emotional upheaval are also common during adolescence, they may not be as immediately apparent as the physical changes. Voice change may be a change during puberty, but it only affects males.

Question 14

Erikson's theory of social development viewed the ages of three to six,his third stage,as being characterized by the major challenge of __________.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of social development, the third stage, which occurs between the ages of three to six, is characterized by the major challenge of initiative versus guilt. During this stage, children develop a sense of independence and take the initiative to explore their surroundings and act on their own ideas. If they are encouraged and allowed to do so, they develop a sense of purpose and direction. However, if they are criticized or restricted too much, they may develop a sense of guilt and anxiety about their actions.

Question 15

Erikson's theory of social development viewed the ages of two to three,his second stage,as being characterized by the major challenge of __________.

Accepted Answer

The second stage in Erikson's theory of social development is called autonomy versus shame and doubt, which occurs between the ages of two to three years old. This stage is characterized by the major challenge of developing a sense of independence and control over one's own actions, while avoiding feelings of shame and doubt about one's ability to act autonomously.

Question 16

Erik is a newborn.According to Erikson,his main task will be to develop a sense of __________.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the first stage is trust vs. mistrust, which occurs during infancy. Therefore, the main task for a newborn like Erik would be to develop a sense of trust.

Question 17

Which of the following is directly concerned with reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Primary sexual characteristics, such as the development of reproductive organs, are directly related to reproduction.

Question 18

Most young adolescents are at the level of thinking which Piaget described as __________.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that most young adolescents (ages 7-11) are at the concrete operational stage. This stage is characterized by the ability to think logically and concretely about objects and events in the physical world. Children are able to understand concepts like conservation, reversibility, and causality. They also become more capable of classification, seriation, and spatial reasoning. Formal operational thinking does not typically develop until early adolescence or later, around the age of 11-12. Preoperational thinking characterizes the thinking of children between the ages of 2-7, and sensory-motor thinking is typical of infants from birth to around 2 years old.

Question 19

The first stage of Erikson's personality theory is known as:

Accepted Answer

The first stage of Erikson's personality theory is trust vs. mistrust, which occurs in infancy from birth to 18 months. During this stage, infants learn whether or not they can trust their caregivers to fulfill their basic needs for food, comfort, and care.

Question 20

Erik Erikson found that each stage in personality development has a particular _______.

Accepted Answer

According to Erik Erikson, each stage in personality development has a particular crisis, which refers to a turning point in development where the individual must confront and resolve a conflict between two opposing forces. This conflict is essential for healthy personality development, as successfully overcoming the crisis leads to growth, while failure to do so can result in stagnation or regression. Examples of these crises include trust vs. mistrust in infancy, identity vs. role confusion in adolescence, and integrity vs. despair in old age.

Quiz 7: Development Across the Lifespan