Question 1

Shelby is very adaptable to change.She is on a regular sleeping,eating,and waking schedule.Thomas and Chess would describe Shelby as being a(n)_________child.

Accepted Answer

Shelby's ability to adapt to change and her regular schedule indicate that she is an easy child.

Question 2

In Erikson's __________stage of psychosocial development,preschoolers are challenged to control their own behavior.

Accepted Answer

In Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage, preschoolers are indeed challenged to control their own behavior, as they begin to assert power and control over the world through directing play and other social interactions. This stage typically occurs around the ages of 3 to 5 years.

Question 3

Between the ages of 5 and 12 children strive to develop a sense of competence arising from their work and effort.Erikson refers to this stage of life as ___________.

Accepted Answer

Erikson refers to the stage between the ages of 5 and 12 as the stage of industry versus inferiority, where children strive to develop a sense of competence through their work and effort. This stage is characterized by the need to master skills, develop a sense of efficacy, and gain recognition from others for one's accomplishments. Children who are successful in this stage will develop a sense of pride and confidence, while those who are not will experience feelings of inferiority and inadequacy.

Question 4

Studies of genetically male children who were surgically altered to appear as females found that ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies of genetically male children who were...

Question 5

Chester is irritable,loud,and negative most of the time.He doesn't like it when new people pick him up,and he has irregular sleeping,eating,and waking schedules.What temperament does he exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Chester exhibits the characteristics of a difficult temperament, as he is irritable, loud, and negative. He also has irregular sleeping, eating, and waking schedules, which can be challenging for caregivers to manage.

Question 6

Mothers who were unresponsive,insensitive,and coldly rejecting were associated with ___________ attached infants.

Accepted Answer

Infants whose mothers were unresponsive, insensitive, and coldly rejecting were associated with avoidant attached infants.

Question 7

Like any 4-month-old,Amy depends on her parents to feed her and to change her diapers.When Amy cries,her devoted parents quickly respond to her needs.According to Erikson,Amy is developing a sense of ___________.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the first stage is trust vs. mistrust. During infancy, if caregivers consistently and responsively meet a child's needs, the child develops a sense of trust in the world and others. If caregivers are inconsistent or unresponsive, the child may develop a sense of mistrust. Based on the scenario provided, Amy's parents respond to her needs quickly, indicating that she is likely developing a sense of trust.

Question 8

Mary Ainsworth observed that securely attached infants__________.

Accepted Answer

Mary Ainsworth observed that securely attached infants cry if the mother leaves the room, are easily soothed, and welcome her back when she returns. They are not overly distressed upon separation and are able to be comforted when the mother returns.

Question 9

Erikson's theory of social development viewed the period from ages 3 to 5,his third stage,as characterized by the major challenge of ______.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of social development characterizes the period from ages 3 to 5 as the third stage, which he called initiative versus guilt. During this stage, children are challenged to explore their environment and take on new activities, but also learn to control their impulses and follow rules. They may develop a sense of guilt if they feel they have done something wrong or if they are discouraged from taking initiative.

Question 10

The emotional bond that forms between an infant and a primary caregiver is called_________.

Accepted Answer

The emotional bond that forms between an infant and a primary caregiver is called attachment. This bond is important for the infant's emotional and social development.

Question 11

A culture's expectation of masculine and feminine behaviors can be defined as _____________________.

Accepted Answer

Culture's expectation of masculine and feminine behaviors is defined as gender roles. Gender typing refers to the process of acquiring gender-related attributes and preferences taught by society. Homosexual and heterosexual are terms used to describe sexual orientation.

Question 12

____________babies in Ainsworth's study were clinging and unwilling to explore,very upset by the stranger regardless of the mother's presence,protested mightily when the mother left,were hard to soothe,and had mixed reactions upon mother's return.

Accepted Answer

This describes the behavior of babies classified as "Ambivalent" in Ainsworth's study.

Question 13

According to Thomas and Chess,a child that is very irregular in sleeping and eating,resists change,and tends to be loud is labeled a(n)_____________ child.

Accepted Answer

According to Thomas and Chess, a child that is very irregular in sleeping and eating, resists change, and tends to be loud is labeled a "difficult" child.

Question 14

Which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial crises revolves around the child's learning to direct his or her own behavior?

Accepted Answer

The psychosocial crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt in Erik Erikson's theory occurs during the toddler years and is centered around the child's ability to assert independence and control over their own behavior. Through exploring their environment and making choices, the child gains a sense of autonomy and self-confidence. However, if the child's attempts at independence are met with punishment or ridicule, they may develop a sense of shame and doubt about their abilities.

Question 15

What was Mary Ainsworth trying to determine when she devised an experimental method called the Strange Situation?

Accepted Answer

Mary Ainsworth was trying to determine the nature of attachment between caregivers and babies through her development of the Strange Situation experimental method.

Question 16

Research on the stability of temperament indicates that it is _______________.

Accepted Answer

The research on the stability of temperament indicates that it is relatively stable well into adulthood. While there may be some changes or adjustments over time, a person's basic temperament tends to remain consistent throughout their life.

Question 17

Egbert is a quiet child who is very slow to adapt to change.However,if he is introduced gradually to new people or situations,then eventually he will accept them without too much distress.Thomas and Chess would say his temperament is ______.

Accepted Answer

Egbert's slow adaptation to change and eventual acceptance with gradual introduction matches the characteristics of the slow-to-warm-up temperament according to Thomas and Chess's theory.

Question 18

Attachment usually takes place within the __________of life.

Accepted Answer

Attachment usually takes place within the first six months of life. While there may be initial bonding between infants and caregivers in the first few hours or days after birth, it takes time for a true attachment relationship to develop. Research has shown that during the first six months of life, infants are most responsive to the people around them and are more likely to develop a secure attachment with a consistent caregiver during this time.

Question 19

Which term has the most negative connotation in our culture?

Accepted Answer

The term "sissy" is often used as an insult towards boys or men who are seen as weak or not fitting into traditional masculine norms. This reinforces harmful gender stereotypes and can lead to bullying and discrimination.

Question 20

According to Erikson,if an elementary school child fails to succeed in learning new skills and knowledge,the result may be the development of a sense of _________.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the stage of Industry versus Inferiority occurs during the elementary school years. Success in this stage involves developing a sense of competence and mastery over new skills and knowledge. Failure to do so can result in feelings of inferiority and a lack of confidence in one's abilities. Therefore, the best choice is B)inferiority.

Quiz 7: A: Development Across the Lifespan

Shelby is very adaptable to change.She is on a regular sleeping,eating,and waking schedule.Thomas and Chess would describe Shelby as being a(n) _________child.