Question 1

The entire group that a researcher is interested in is called a

Accepted Answer

The entire group that a researcher is interested in is called the population. A sample is a subset of the population that is selected for research purposes. Subject pool refers to a group of potential participants who have agreed to be contacted for research studies. A survey is a method of data collection, not the group of interest. Therefore, the best choice is B, population.

Question 2

Which perspective looks at perception,learning,and memory?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology is the perspective that looks at perception, learning, and memory. It focuses on how individuals perceive, process, and remember information from their environment. Meanwhile, psychoanalysis focuses on the subconscious mind and past experiences, behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors, and the evolutionary perspective focuses on how behaviors have evolved over time.

Question 3

__________ was (were)the focus of Watson's behaviorism.

Accepted Answer

Watson's behaviorism emphasized the study of observable experiences and behaviors, rather than focusing on unseen internal processes such as the unconscious mind or conscious experiences.

Question 4

A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems because of the damage would best be advised to see a

Accepted Answer

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who specializes in mental health and can prescribe medication to treat the symptoms of a stroke survivor's personality problems. This is the best choice for someone who has suffered a major stroke and needs medical treatment for their symptoms. A psychoanalyst may help the person understand the root causes of their personality problems, but they cannot prescribe medication. A psychiatric social worker may provide support and therapy, but they also cannot prescribe medication. A psychologist may provide therapy, but they do not have medical training and cannot prescribe medication.

Question 5

Which of the following professionals in psychology has the broadest area of interests and functions?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists have the broadest area of interests and functions among the given options. They can work in a variety of settings and specialize in different areas, such as clinical, experimental, social, developmental, cognitive, and forensic psychology. They can also work as researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants, and administrators, among others.

Question 6

In the scientific method,forming an educated guess is called

Accepted Answer

Forming an educated guess is the process of forming a hypothesis, which is a tentative explanation based on prior knowledge, observations, and research. Therefore, the correct choice is D - forming a hypothesis. Reporting results refers to sharing the findings from the experiment or study, perceiving a question is the initial step of the scientific method, and drawing conclusions is the final step where the findings are interpreted and related to the hypothesis.

Question 7

A psychologist is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities.This psychologist is most interested in the goal of

Accepted Answer

The psychologist is interested in finding out the reason or cause (explanation) behind identical twins having different personalities. The goal of explanation is to understand the underlying processes or mechanisms that contribute to a phenomenon.

Question 8

Which early theorist developed his perspective on psychology by basing it on Darwin's "survival of the fittest" doctrine?

Accepted Answer

William James based his perspective on psychology on Darwin's theory of natural selection and "survival of the fittest." He believed that mental processes exist because they serve a purpose in adapting to the environment and helping individuals survive and thrive.

Question 9

Which of the following specialties in psychology provides diagnosis and treatment for less serious mental problems such as adjustment disorders?

Accepted Answer

Counseling psychology focuses on helping people with less serious mental health concerns, such as adjustment disorders. They provide therapy, counseling, and other interventions to improve their clients' mental health and overall well-being. Developmental psychology focuses on how people develop and change throughout their lives, personality psychology studies personality traits and how they affect behavior, and experimental psychology focuses on research and experimentation to better understand human behavior and mental processes.

Question 10

"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is a statement associated with the perspective of

Accepted Answer

"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is a central concept in Gestalt psychology, which focuses on the way people perceive and experience the world as a whole rather than as individual elements. This principle suggests that context and relationships between elements are important in shaping perception and behavior, and that people tend to organize perceptions into coherent and meaningful wholes. This is in contrast to reductionism, which seeks to explain complex phenomena by breaking them down into individual components.

Question 11

Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

Humanism is the perspective that focuses on free will and self-actualization. It emphasizes the individual's ability to make conscious choices and strive towards personal growth and fulfillment. This perspective contrasts with other approaches such as psychoanalysis and behaviorism, which explore the influence of past experiences and environmental factors on behavior, and cognitive psychology, which focuses on mental processes and information processing.

Question 12

Who is most associated with the technique of introspection?

Accepted Answer

Wundt is considered the father of psychology, and he is most associated with the technique of introspection. He developed the method during his time at the University of Leipzig in the late 1800s.

Question 13

Which perspective emphasizes the biological bases for shared,universal mental characteristics?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary perspective emphasizes that our mental characteristics and behavior patterns have been shaped by natural selection, which often favors traits and behaviors that increase our survival and reproductive success. This perspective emphasizes the biological bases for shared, universal mental characteristics across different cultures and populations.

Question 14

Harlan wanted to write realistically about street gangs,so he pretended to be a teenager and joined a real gang.This is most similar to the method of

Accepted Answer

Harlan participated in the gang in order to observe and gather information for his writing, which is a common method of participant observation.

Question 15

Jenna suffers from a nervous tic of washing her hands repeatedly and being unable to resist washing them again and again.Which perspective would explain Jenna's hand-washing behavior as a result of repressed conflicts?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective suggests that behavior can be a result of repressed conflicts and unresolved issues from childhood. Jenna's repetitive hand-washing behavior may be a manifestation of unresolved anxiety and internal conflicts that she is not consciously aware of.

Question 16

In the definition of psychology,the term mental processes means

Accepted Answer

Mental processes refer to internal cognitive processes such as perception, memory, attention, and problem solving, which are not directly observable but can be inferred through behavior.

Question 17

Who was denied a Ph.D.despite completing all the requirements for earning the degree?

Accepted Answer

Mary Whiton Calkins was denied a Ph.D. despite completing all the requirements for earning the degree due to Harvard University's policy of not granting degrees to women at that time.

Question 18

Psychologists who give potential employees tests that determine what kind of job those employees might best fit are interested in the goal of

Accepted Answer

Psychologists who use tests to determine what kind of job employees might fit best are interested in predicting which job would be the best fit for the individual.

Question 19

The main advantage of a case study is

Accepted Answer

The main advantage of a case study is the amount of detail it provides about an individual, making choice C the correct answer. Case studies are often used to get a deep understanding of a particular person, situation, or organization, and are not suitable for generalizing results to others or determining cause and effect. Case studies are also not appropriate for studying large groups of people simultaneously.

Question 20

The main advantage of laboratory observation is

Accepted Answer

Laboratory observation provides high level of control over the environment, which allows the observer to manipulate variables and establish cause-and-effect relationships. This is a significant advantage over other observation methods where external factors can influence the results.

Quiz 1: The Science of Psychology